With the rapid development of China's electric power industry ,the renewable energy ,e.g.,wind andsolar energy,has rapidly   developed.However,the uneven spatial distribution and the supply instability greatlrestrict the development of new energy technologies. Focused on the development of gravity energy storage( CES) technologies ,it introduces four kinds of new grid-level gravity energy storage technologies emerging inthe world in recent years,including Gravity Power CES in USA,Ares Mountain GES in USA, Energy VaultCES in Swiss ,and Gravitricity CES in UK.Compared to the traditional electrochemical energy storage methodsuck kinds of CES technologies has the advantages of safety , large storage capacity and small impact on theenvironment.Also,they significantly reduce the dependence on geographical conditions and water resources.which are beyond the application of the traditional pumped hydro storage CES method.Thus , these new CESmethods have broad application prospects. According to the available researches, it also points out thedevelopment obstacles and technical problems of the new gravity energy storage technology ,which can providespecific guidance on the domestic development of GES technologies in China.

ln order to deepen the understanding and mastery of the relevant knowledge of the volt-amperecharacteristics of solar cells and photovoltaic power generation technology ,and cultivate students’ practical and innovative ability ,the volt-ampere characteristics and power generation application experiments of solar panelsare designed, which can measure the volt-ampere characteristics of solar panels under sunlight. Volt-ampere characteristics,demonstrate the functions of charge controller and DC-AC inverter in the process of solar cellpower generation ,storage and consumption ,and improve students’ ability to combine theory with practice.

The cavity temperature of semiconductor laser is monitored by laser self-mixing interferometry, whichis very important to ensure the good operation of laser.Compared with the traditional laser temperaturemonitoring method, this method has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, strong operability andexpansibility in experimental teaching, which enrich the experimental teaching content, improve studentsexperimental ability in scientific research and strengthen students’ divergent thinking.

The metal linear expansion coefficient of metal is studied common physical quantities ,to make amore accurate measurement of metal linear expansion coefficient,it lights amplification principle merged intothe field of measuring metal linear expansion coeficient,using self-made experimental devices such as lighisource ,light screen, heating device, etc. According to the geometric relationship between the reflection angleformed by the light path belore and after heating and the spot position before and after the light screen moves.the small shape variable of the metal is calculated through the moving distance of the spot ,and then the linearexpansion coefficient of the metal is obtained. The linear expansion coefficient of metal is obtained bycalculating the tiny shape varable of metal through the moving distance of the light spot.The average value ofthe linear expansion coefficient of copper is studied ,and compared with the standard value ,the relative error is0.05% ,and the method is extended to the measurement of the linear expansion coefficient of aluminum andtitanium,the relative error is less than 0.90% ,indicating that the method can be used for the measurement ofthe linear expansion coefficient of common metals.

The physical and mechanical properties of coal and rock can provide basis for engineering geologicalevaluation,engineering building design and rock mechanics related scientific research.The apparent density ofcoal and rock can reflect the merits and demerits of mechanical properties of coal and rock.By placing coalblocks in a measuring cylinder filled with liquid paraffin ,the volume of coal blocks is determined according tothe change of liquid level in the measuring cylinder, and then the apparent density of coal and rock mass isobtained according to the basic density formula( mass divided by volume).Compared with wax sealing method.this method is simple and fast.Through T-test on the apparent density measurement results of two kinds of coaand rock blocks.it is concluded that there is no significant difference between the apparent density measuredby two methods.The simple determination method of apparent density of coal rock can replace the wax sealmethod and be used for the rapid determination of apparent density of coal rock.

The electro diffraction phenomenon of liquid crystal is studied.The experiment shows that when thedriving voltage is appropriate , the liquid crystal molecules will appear a periodic distribution structure similar tothe grating,that is ,the liquid crystal diffraction grating.The diffraction process and diffraction characteristics ofiquid crystal grating are explained by the superposition of light waves with different polarization states produced by two staggered superposition gratings ,and the distribution of diffraction pattern and the change lawof polarization state are studied.

PM2.5 has widely been considered to be an air pollution that threatens the health of the generalpopulation.Any attempts to mitigate PM2.5 would be largely futile without surveillance measurement designedto detect the concentration of PM2.5 particles suspended in the atmosphere.It details the design andconstruction of a device to measure the concentration of PM2.5 particles based on laser-induced Miescattering,and we have conducted experiments to evaluate the accuracy of our system's measurement datausing open-source development platform.

There is a coupling between the up and down vibration and horizontal torsion of the WilberforcePendulum,which can cause obvious energy transfer. When the system reaches resonance, the pendulum willvibrate and twist periodically.This project essentially explained the vibration transmission phenomenon of theWilberforce Pendulum ,constructed the theoretical model and description method of the Wilberforce Pendulummotion ,and solved the theoretical trajectory of the vertical and horizontal motion of the Wilberforce Pendulum.Through a large number of experiments and quantitative simulations , the correctness of the theory has beenverified.Further exploration is to the application range of the Wilberforce Pendulum model.The effect of theelastic coefficient of the spring,the mass and size of the pendulum and the initial motion conditions on themotion of the Wilberforce Pendulum is studied.Based on this ,a set of physical tracking methods that can bequantitatively measured is established,which provides an experimental and theoretical basis for better design ofthe experimental equipment of the Wilberforce Pendulum.

In the string vibration experiment, the string length is changed on the premise that the tensionapplied at the fixed end is unchanged.Using the relationship between vibration frequency and standing wavewavelength ,the linear density of string is obtained.By comparing the results of string linear density and stringmass length ratio under different chord lengths, the influence of chord length on the measurement results ofstring linear density is discussed ,and the necessity of reasonable selection of chord length in string vibrationexperiment is analyzed.

This experiment is based on the measurement of gravity acceleration by dripping water method,andthe self-made automatic water supply device is used instead of the faucet to make the experiment easier tooperate. The subtle adjustment of water drop speed is realized by using the subtle adjustment of spiralmicrometer.At the same time ,I found the best condition of the second drop of water when the first drop of watercame out by using the function of continuous shooting of the mobile phone.Finally ,the data were analyzed usingaudio processing software Goldwave, and the results were revised to take into account the effect of airresistance.The final gravity acceleration obtained has higher accuracy.

The spectrometer is a very important precision optical gauge for basic physical experiment,which iswidely used in some comprehensive experiments, such as monochromatic wavelength measurement, solidrefractive index measurement and ultrasonic grating measurement of sound velocity. The proficiency otregulating spectrometer can reflect students’ basic experimental skills.In practice ,due to the complex structureof the spectrometer, especially for junior undergraduates, students often encounter many difficulties in theoperation process,most students can not successfully complete the adjustment within 30 minutes.In order toachieve accurate teaching of spectrometer adjustment experiments ,the most advanced eye-movement apparatuscan be used to carry out the experimental research.Specifically , the adjustment of the spectrometer is mainlydivided into three stages:the eyepiece adjustment,the telescope optical axis direction adjustment and parallellight tube adjustment,The eye-movement apparatus are used to get the operator to look at a heat map, trackdiagram and the eye movement data, in order to conclude the difficulties of the three stages and analyze theadjustment characteristics of each stage. By comparing the fixation characteristics of undergraduates andpostgraduates in trial experiment, formal experiment and guided experiment, the problems existing in theadjustment of spectrometer are found,and the learning characteristics of undergraduates and postgraduates arecompared,thus guidance is provided for the establishment of appropriate experimental teaching methods.

In order to analyze the cause of abnormal peaks in Microwave Bragg Diffraction Experiment withlarge incident angle,theoretical analysis is carried out,the threshold incident angle and theoretical angles otabnormal peaks are calculated.When solving the threshold incident angle,the existing method is improved,theinfluence of the horn angle of the receiving horn is considered, which makes the calculated value of thethreshold incident angle more accurate , successfully explains all the abnormal peaks in the experiment andverifies the analysis of the cause of the abnormal peaks.

In the steady-state method for measuring thermal conductivity coeficient of poor conductors , theinfluence of increasing the temperature of heating plate, decreasing the ambient temperature and closing thecooling fan on key experimental parameters , measurement error and experimental duration were studied.Theresults show that the experimental conditions had significant influence on the steady-state temperature of thecooling plate( T,) and the cooling rate of the cooling plate at 7,,and the systematic error of the experiment wasalso affected.Increasing the temperature of heating plate or decreasing the ambient temperature could effectivelyshorten the experiment duration with little influence on measurement error.Turning off the cooling fan couldreduce the experimental system error introduced by area correction, but the experimental duration wasprolonged.

A set of liquid surface tension coefficient measuring new device is designed by using the simpleconcept of mutual balance of surface tension , buoyancy and gravity.The experimental results show that thedevice is used to measure the surface tension coefficient of deionized water and tap water ,and the results are ingood agreement with the standard result. Compared with the pull-out method based on tension sensor, them easurement accuracy is largely improved.The device has the advantages of simplicity,high precision and lowcost,and can provide a new method for measuring liquid surface tension coefficient.

Concentration is a physical quantity characterizing the characteristics of solution.lts measurementhas important research significance in biomedicine ,material science and other fields.A real-time measurementsystem of solution concentration is built by using a self-made simple grating spectrometer.The use of doublebeams in the optical path is conducive to reduce the jitter of the absorption spectrum and improve the stabilityof the measurement system.The simple spectrometer combined with machine vision technology realizes thefunction of on-line concentration measurement. The working curve of absorbance a-concentration C isestablished by Lambert Beer law.The self-designed program measures the absorption spectrum of the sample tobe measured in real time to obtain the absorbance ,and measures the concentration of the sample according tothe working curve.The relative error of potassium permanganate solution concentration measured by the deviceis less than 1%,which shows that the measurement system can measure the solution concentration quickly andaccurately.

A simple vibration power generation device was designed and fabricated ,and the variation law of theoutput electromotive force of the device with the amplitude and frequency of the external vibration source wastested.In the measurement range , the effective value of the output electromotive force exceeds 0.90 V, andreaches 1.72 V when the frequency f= 5 Hz and the amplitude A= 0.42 cm.The device is simple in structureand easy to operate ,and can be used for simple power generation and teaching of electromagnetic and vibrationknowledge in certain scenarios.

The Device for measuring specific heat ratio of air is designed and fabricated based on wirelesstransmission.The experiment data is transmitted from the bottle to the upper computer software or mobile appby temperature and pressure sensors, and P-T, T-t, P-V diagrams can be generated. It is demonstratedexperimentally that the improved device can enable students to observe the transformation process of mediumvolume and isothermal,understand the physics of process clearly ,and the saved data can be processed furtherin next experiment.

A set of bipolar pulse magnetic field generation device based on STM32 single chip microcomputeris designed.The electric pulse signal is generated by STM32 single chip microcomputer ,and the stepping motoris controlled by the electric pulse signal to drive the permanent magnet group on the plastic disc to generatebipolar pulse magnetic field.Through the control variable method , multiple groups of experimental groups andblank control groups are designed.The artificial hard water is treated with bipolar pulsed magnetic field ,and thecalcium ion concentration in the artificial hard water is measured in real time by EDTA titration. Multiplegroups of data are fitted into a curve by MATLAB software.Finally, the scale inhibition effect is judged bycomparing the variation trend of calcium ion concentration , fitting function and scale inhibition coefficient under bipolar pulsed magnetic field with different frequencies. Introducing the experimental scheme intoteaching can stimulate students’practical ability,better understand the application of magnetic field in reallife ,cultivate students’exploration spirit,and enable students to apply their knowledge to real life.

Based on the principle of electromagnetic oscillation and high-voltage tip discharge , tesla coil isused to simulate lightning and its magnetic field in nature.The lightning magnetic field is measured by TES-593hree-dimensional electromagnetic measuring instrument,and the relationship between discharge frequency fdischarge pulse width I and lightning magnetic field is explored.Using the original method called simulationanalysis with transient tracking ,the magnetic field distribution at different heights can be simulated.Therefore.the relationship between lightning magnetic field distribution and lightning height from the ground is exploredon this basis.

For the experiment of measuring resistance with Wheatstone bridge, the virtual simulation jssuccessfully realized by using the LabVIEW2020 software.Based on the basic physical principles ,the programblock diagram of the bridge circuit is constructed and the intuitive panel of the experiment is designed ,to meetthe needs of users to complete the whole measurement process through the virtual simulation interface.In thesimulation experiment,the resistance R. shows a continuously adjustable and definite theoretical value in therange of l~1 000 2,the ratio arm R,/R, is continuously adjustable in the range of 0.001  1 000.and thecomparison arm R, is adjustable in the range of 0~9 999.99  through a six-digit decimal resistance box.Theresults of several simulation experiments show that the relative errors of the resistance R. are all below 1.0%showing a high accuracy.The simulation experiment can effectively measure the sensitivity of the bridge,andthe design method is very successful, which can be extended to virtual simulation applications of other electricalexperiments.

The traditional Michelson interference fringe manual counting method has poor stability and largeartificial error.A CCD based interference fringe collection method is proposed, and the image processing ointerference stripe is performed in Wave Ruler of Matlab.According to the periodic change of the brightnessand shade of the interference fringe, the interference fringe is processed and counted through the steps ofremoving background noise ,binarization threshold filtering,removing small noise and fringe optimization ,so asto measure the tiny displacement of the object.Experimental results show that this method optimizes Michelsoninterference method to measure object micro-displacement,and the minimum measurement error reaches 0.4%which reduces the error in the measurement process and improves the measurement stability.

The circle rotates around an axis perpendicular to the diameter, with the bead inside the rotatingcircle,allowing the bead to roll in the grooves inside the ring.Dynamics analysis of beads using MATLABsimulation,the results show that when the friction coefficient p and the radius of the ring R, the greater theangular velocity ( of the rotation of the ring,the greater the maximum angular position of the bead movement.When the angular velocity w and friction coefficient p, the larger the radius of the ring , the smaller themaximum angular position of the bead movement.The characteristic time is related to the angular velocity w andthe friction coefficient u,the friction coefficient u a certain time , the larger the angular velocity o , the smallerthe characteristic time: when the angular velocity o is fixed,the greater the friction coefficient p ,the larger thecharacteristic time.

Designed a Doppler velocimetry based on LabVlEW and PASCO sensor using the components fromPASCO system.The velocimetry was controlled by LabVIEW platform.Two different measuring velocity methodswere performed ,including Doppler and photoelectric.Both of them showed nice results.

A mobile phone software that can collect the deflection angle and angular velocity of the mobile phoneis made.Combined with the self-made isometric pendulum , starting from the energy conservation , the self-mademobile app is used to measure the deflection angle and angular velocity of the self-made compound pendulum.Linear fitting is performed on the cosine value of the deflection angle and the square of the angular velocity ,andfinally the value of the gravitational acceleration is obtained by fitting the slope of the straight line.

In order to solve the problems of high equipment investment, insufficient quantity , and limitedxperimental space in traditional high-pressure physics experiment teaching,the virtual simulation experimentf ultra-high pressure physics experiment technology was independently developed.The experiment is based onhe synthesis and analysis process of superhard material cubic boron nitride. It is divided into threeexperimental tasks; raw material weighing and pretreatment, high-temperature and high-pressure syntheticsample with six-sided top hydraulic press ,and sample performance test and analysis.The experimental operationallows students to independently set experimental parameters and synthesis conditions within a certain range,and through continuous simulation exercises , form a correct understanding of the experimental process , theoperation of instruments and equipment ,and an in-depth understanding of the principles of superhard materialsynthesis,so as to enhance students’ability to learn independently ,explore problems , and solve problems.

Based on smartphone ,the experimental data of universal gas constant are processed by MathStudioAPP and compared with the experimental data processing results of Oi et al.MathStudio app data processing isintuitive and convenient, which shows the advantages of using MathStudio for data processing, and is moresuitable for popularization in daily experimental teaching.

In the experiment of measuring resistance by voltammetry ,it is usually to measure the voltammetriccharacteristic curve of resistance.ln order to make full use of the measuring accuracy of the ammeter,it isusually necessary to change the ammeter range.However,the internal resistance of the ammeter also changes.How to consider the error caused by ammeter range change is an important problem in this experiment.Aoiecewise correction function is introduced to overcome this problem.Accordingly the influence of the change otammeter resistance on the measurement accuracy is considered self-consistently, which makes the dataorocessing method more reasonable.

Based on mathematical statistics ,SPSS software was used to process the experimental data of springvibrator,and a regression model was established.The stiffness coefficient of spring is measured by regressioncoefficient.The error of the spring vibrator stiffness coefficient measured by this method is 0.01% comparedwith the difference method and the drawing method.The results show that SPSS software is more convenient toprocess experimental data of spring vibrator.

In view of the significant characteristics of interdisciplinary integration and strong engineeringpracticality of “ photoelectric information science and Engineering".lt introduces in detail the experimentateaching design of ultrasonic ranging sensor system based on single chip microcomputer,ultrasonic sensor andvisual graphics programming software LabVIEW. The teaching experiment design realizes the effective connection of professional course contents and the practical application of professional knowledge through theeffective combination of hardware and software , the integration of teaching contents, electronic information.communication technology and software algorithms,and has a good effect on cultivating students’engineeringpractice ability and scientific innovation consciousness.lt provides a certain reerence for eflectively promotingthe reform of talent training mode in colleges and universities under the background of new engineering.

Engineering Education Accreditation requires that they can select appropriate engineering tools ,useinformation technology and scientific methods to study engineering problems.Theory of Electromagnetic Fieldscontent is relatively abstract.Finite Element Method electromagnetic simulation software based on Maxwell andHFSS is introduced in courses.As examples ,flat capacitor and electrified parallel double wires are taken basedon Maxwell,visual graphic images of E line ,U line ,B and H line can be simulated.lt is easy to compare withthe theory and it can strengthen understanding of field. Microstrip patch antenna working at 2.45 CHz isdesigned based on HFSS antenna simulation, which can promote the understanding of antenna pattern andscattering coefficient,lt demonstrates the advantages of intuitive simulation teaching by analyzing the fieldparameters and distribution characteristics based on Finite Element Method simulation software , and learninginterest and engineering practice ability of students are improved.

he main strategic goal of higher education is to cultivate a group of talents with scientific researchand innovation ability. Therefore, it is of great significance to cultivate scientific research thinking andinnovation ability of undergraduates.ln view of the strong theoretical nature and fast knowledge updating speedof microelectronics and integrated circuit speciaty, it designed a set of comprehensive experiments formeasuring the characteristics of solar photovoltaic cells based on the cultivation of scientific research thinkingand innovation ability.and deeply studied the influence of different light intensity and the connection mode ofphotovoltaic cells on the main performanceparameters of solar photovoltaic cells.The content of thecomprenensive experiment is progressive.focusing on cultivating students’ scientific thinking and innovativeability to study problems from different angles.Through the data processing, analysis and discussion of theexperimental results ,students have promoted the integration of various knowledge points , cultivated studentsability to analyze and solve problems ,and laid the foundation for participating in scientific research activities

In Influenced by the outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia, the traditional offline teaching modelwas forced to change to comprehensive online teaching.lt mainly focuses on the pre-preparation of onlineteaching of general physics courses ,the specific implementation mode of online teaching ,and how to focus onstudents in the course of teaching,and how to improve the teaching effect in an all-round way. In addition, inresponse to General Secretary Xi Jinpings proposal to implement the fundamental tasks of the moralityeducation in carrying out the Party's education policy ,it also studies the integration of course of ideologicaland political education in the process of general physics teaching.

The teaching reform of college physics experiment course is being actively explored by variouscolleges and universities.The cultivation of students’innovation ability and scientific literacy is reflected in thecollege physics experiment course, which also accords with the educational idea of adapting to the newengineering innovation ability and scientific accomplishment cultivation. Facing the development of newtechnology and new industry in the future ,it proposes to systematically design the contents of university physicsexperiment and dig into the ideological and the new ideological and political system of physics experimentcourse is constructed for students of different majors ,guided by the needs of new technology ,driven by practicalproblems and taking experimental projects as the chain.lt can be used as a reference for ideological andpolitical teaching of college physics experiment course under the education concept of “ cultivating people withvirtue and shaping the future”.

The photoelectric information science and engineering major of Harbin University of Science andTechnology has constructed a talent training mode with students as the main body through discipline competition , innovation and entrepreneurship practices , and curriculum ideology, and strengthened the role ottargeted independent learning in talent training, and realized the practical teaching mode of “ the effect ofsubject competitions ,the subject of practical courses ,the fuzzification of guidance for students ,the crossover otpractical content ,and the innovation of graduation design".At the same time ,through the organic combinationof subject competitions,practical teaching ,and curiculum ideology and theory teaching, students will have aclear goal of theoretical lessons and realize the organic combination of theory and practice.Organizing cross-professional subject competitions and curriculum practice ,has realized the collaborative and mutual assistancemode of “learning from each other's strengths ,integrating the strengths of multiple disciplines and overcomingdifficulties”.These stimulated the students’interest and potential in the field of optoelectronics , improved thestudents comprehensive use of optoelectronic knowledge to solve problems and the ability to solve thepractical problems and the ability to conduct experimental research.