There are extremely significance effects of structural parameters of nozzle distributor on gas-solid two-phase flow characteristics of fluidized bed．And this study aims to explore fluidization characteristics of the rapeseed (Brassica rapus)and pulsation law of air velocity in the fluidized-bed dryer． Thereby to clarify influence of the plate convexity，opening angle，and opening petal number on the airflow distribution performance of nozzle distributor．Then the optimization scheme of structural parameters was proposed．Based on the distributor of the open porosity ratio of 15．84% and uneven circular holes arrangement．The plate convexity (2 mm，5 mm，and 10 mm)，opening angle (0°，5°，and 10°)，and opening petal number (four petals，six petals，and eight petals)was optimally designed through numerical simulation software of Fluent based on Euler/Euler two-fluid model and standard k-ε turbulence model． Then verify it by experiment．The results showed that plate convexity of 5 mm，opening angle of 5°，and four opening petals were the optimized structure parameters of nozzle distribution for the rapeseed fluidized bed drying．The nozzle distributor of convex plate made the rapeseed (Brassica rapus)evenly distribute compared with the parallel plane．And the variance of average volume fraction of rapeseed (Brassica rapus)is 0．0073 (minimum)for the nozzle distribution of plate convexity of 5 mm，with the result that the rapeseed (Brassica rapus)fully mixed with hot air and evenly distributed．The opening angle of 5° was optimum value for the rapeseed fluidized bed drying，which was favorable to the pulsating flow of the rapeseed (Brassica rapus)．Nevertheless，the opening petal number had no significant effect on the airflow distribution performance of nozzle distributor．The four opening petals can cause that the hot air and the rapeseed (Brassica rapus)would be redistributed equably in whole region of fluidized bed compared with the other opening petals．The drying kinetics curves of nozzle distributor of variable plate convexity，opening angle，and opening petal number were comparative analysis based on experiment data，which showed that the drying rate of nozzle distributor with plate convexity of 5 mm，opening angle of 5°，and four opening petals was the biggest compared with the other types． Thus，these structural parameters of nozzle distributor were the optimum．The results of numerical simulation and experiment were consistent．The results testified that the optimized best nozzle distributor was reasonable and feasible．Therefore，the nozzle distributor is an ideal gas distributor to increase the rapeseed drying rate for the engineering application．At the same time， this research provides also a theoretical reference for the design of fluidized-bed dryer．

Theoretical and experimental results show that magnetic agitators can provide a simple passivemagnetic levitation method in which the levitator can be suspended stably for a long time． It studied this phenomenon，analyzed the causes of the suspension，and quantitatively analyzed the motion of the levitator (a combination of vertical oscillation，rotation and swing)．The experimental results agree well with the mechanical analysis model (using the Ｒunge-Kutta method to solve the binary second-order differential equations)．This research has implications for the movement of artificial swimmers and for the development of bidirectional microfluidic pumps，providing an alternative to complex commercial suspensors．

The virtual oscilloscope based on LabVIEW can realize the dual channel output of waveform，display various basic waveforms and Lissajous figure，observe the influence of frequency，phase and other parameters on waveform，and measure the frequency and phase difference of unknown signals．The waveform and experimental data are saved in the form of picture．This virtual oscilloscope is simple in operation and has various functions．The experiment operation is simplified and visualized and the experiment efficiency can be improved．

A common method for measuring discharge capacitance is Lissajous figure method，which required precise the slopes of adjacent sides of the Lissajious figure．Since Lissajious figures are not always regular parallelograms，It is difficult to determine the slopes of adjacent sides．A new capacitance probability histogram method is proposed to calculate the volume discharge load capacitance of the electrode gap． Using the capacitance probability histogram method to calculate the volume discharge load capacitance are as follows: (1)perform nonlinear interpolation on the actually collected data to ensure that the voltage data has the same data points in each full cycle;(2)Savitzky-Golay smoothing is performed on the interpolated voltage data，and the appropriate smoothing window points (200)and polynomial order (2)should be selected during smoothing;(3)choose the right screening interval and the statistical period． The reliability of measuring discharge capacitance by this method is verified．

The dielectric barrier discharge system usually shows resonance phenomenon，which affects the output efficiency of power supply．Therefore，it is very meaningful to study the discharge system resonance．The resonance of volume discharge system composed of two panel electrodes was experimentally studied．The results show that the discharge system has LC parallel resonance characteristics;the discharge system resonates only when discharge operates in filament mode;the resonant frequency increases，and the resonant current decreases with the increase of electrode gap;When the content of argon is less than 30%，the oscillation disappears．

A measuring method of elastic modulus is proposed，the measurement bracket is designed and made by 3D printer．The MEMS inclination sensor is used to get the initial data of the tiny angle of the bracket rotating with the deformation of the wire． The moving average filtering and the average algorithm of the difference points are used to get the measuring angle，and the length deformation of the measuring wire under different tensile forces are obtained according to the trigonometric function．According to the corresponding relationship between elastic modulus and deformation in the drawing method，the elastic modulus of the metal wire to be measured is obtained．The experimental results show that the Young’s modulus is close to the theoretical value，and the relative uncertainty is about 5．49%．

Many students spend a lot of time and energy looking for the reflected image in telescope but failed in the experiment of the adjustment and use (the measurement of the prism apex angle by autocollimation method)of spectrometer，because of the high difficult of adjustment of spectrometer．These difficulties can be ascribed to the original complicated steps and high requirement of handler．We improve the adjustment steps of the spectrometer，separate the steps of the adjustment telescope focusing at infinity and the direction of the optical axis of the telescope．We only use the circular horizontal instrument in the process of adjusting the optical axis of the telescope，omit the process of using a double-plane reflector，greatly reduce the adjustment steps，which make the whole adjustment process more simple and more operable．

Based on the recent theoretical research on the open-circuit voltage of silicon photocell changing with the intensity of light，itpropose a theoretical model of a dynamic change of the built-in electric field．This model successfully explains the experimental phenomenon that the open-circuit voltage changes with the intensity of light in the test of characteristic parameters of silicon photocell．The validity of the theoretical model  was further testified by theoretical simulation and experiments．This provides a theoretical starting point for the classroom design and teaching content selection for the characteristic test experiment of silicon photocell．

Based on the irreversible phenomenon of the Cartesian diver，it analyzes the sinking process of the Cartesian diver and the reasons why the Cartesian diver is irreversible by using Archimedes’principle and Boyle’s law．The factors of critical depth are obtained by establishing the critical depth model of the Cartesian diver．Then the theoretical function curve of the critical depth changing are made by using the control variable method to explore the effect of each factor on the critical depth．Comparing the experimental data with the critical depth model，the average relative error of the two is less than 4．13%．It provides theoretical support and  experimental methods for the research on the Cartesian diver．

Innovation is the primary driving force for development．It is an effective strategy to improve the innovation ability and scientific research quality of undergraduate through carrying out opening experimental teaching guided by scientific research topics in experimental teaching in universities as well as the combination of research and teaching．Taking “photocatalytic properties of bismuth ferrate”as an example，students can study the basic preparation method and performance test analysis of bismuth ferrate photocatalysts during the opening experiment． The students’innovation consciousness，cooperation spirit and research ability were improved through this experiment．More importantly，it is beneficial to improve the opening experiment teaching of scientific research guidance and cultivate innovative talents．

This experiment improves the traditional Chladni plate experiment．The improved device adds mobile phone bluetooth connection and uses phyphox software and piano software in smart phones as sound sources， replacing the sound source device in the laboratory and increasing the scope of inquiry．From the thickness， size，shape and other aspects of the aluminum plate to explore the factors affecting the formation of krani pattern．The improved Chladni plate experiment increases the interaction in the experiment，stimulates the students’desire to explore，and increases the students’understanding of the formation and propagation of one- dimensional and two-dimensional standing waves．

Sound intensity is one of the important physical quantities for the quantitative description of sound，and its measurement is of great significance to the study of acoustic phenomena．A Ｒayleigh disk is designed and fabricated to measure sound intensity，and the relevant parameters affecting its accuracy are analyzed through experiments． It is found that the measurement accuracy is mainly affected by the measured sound frequency，the diameter and quality of the Ｒayleigh disk．The lower the frequency of the tested sound，the higher the test accuracy． Within a certain range，the smaller the diameter and mass，the higher the test accuracy．The Ｒayleigh disk can be used to measure the sound intensity within the frequency range of 100～180 Hz，and the maximum measurement error is 0．027 w/m 2 ．

Measuring surface tension coefficient of liquid by Jolly scale”is a basic project in the university physics experiment，which uses the pull-out method to measure the tiny force of surface tension．Among them，it  is difficult and complex to keep the‘hree-line alignment’all the time，and the gate wire which is used in the experiment is easy to deform，which makes the artificial reading very inaccurate．In view of this situation，the  experiment is improved by changing the gate wire that is easy to deform into a rectangular card and hollow cylindrical barrel that are not easy to deform and have regular shapes．The length scale on the Jolly scale is  changed to the direct readable micro force scale，and the dynamic photography technology is adopted to accurately locate the force by slowing down．Thus this improvement reduces the operation difficulty，simplifies the experiment process，and makes the reading more accurate．

Sn is considered to be one of the most promising SIBs anode materials due to its high theoretical capacity，lower potential，environmental-friendly and non-toxic． But in the process of sodiation/desodiation， volume expansion will occur，resulting in the battery capacity and cycle stability and other electrochemical performance degradation． Sn/SnO x /C nanocomposites were prepared by a simple one-step hydrothermal

synthesis method． The nanostructure is composed of nanospheres encapsulated in a continuous carbon thin layer．The nanostructure can shorten the transmission distance of Na + ，and the carbon network can effectively improve the electrical conductivity of the material，at the same time，it can slow down the volume expansion of the material in the process of sodiation/desodiation．The electrode retains a discharge capacity of 372 mAhg－1and maintains 344 mAhg－1 after 50 cycles at a 0．15 C rate．The capacity retention rate was about 92．2%．These results show good cycle stability and electrochemical stability．

As a teaching practice place for colleges and universities to carry out electrical and electronic courses and cultivate students’practical ability and innovation ability，the electrical and electronic laboratory has many construction tasks．From the perspective of saving money and improving resource utilization，the frequency of repeated use of components and instruments in the laboratory is high．By building a sharing platform for electronic components and equipment，updating the status of recycled electronic components and equipment in real time，and saving the status of electronic components and equipment in the database，it is possible to improve the use efficiency of electronic components and equipment in electrical and electronic laboratories．

The photoelectric gate commonly used in ordinary physics experiments can only count the number of light blocking and total time．Through the audio card，the photoelectric gate data can be collected and every time of light blocking can be obtained，which provides the possibility to study the vibration law of the large damping pendulum．The first-order difference is made to the voltage data sampled，and the positions of the

positive and negative pulses corresponding to the rising edge and falling edge of the original sample signal，respectively，and which is the moment when the photoelectric gate is blocked at the beginning and end．The calculated period of the pendulum decreases with time，and the results of the long-time large damping pendulum experiment are in good agreement with the results of the perturbation method． The damping coefficient of the air is estimated according to the light blocking time of the photogate，which is consistent with the results in related literatures．The research results provide the feasibility for the study of complex vibration

phenomena by using ordinary photogate．

The cycle of magnetic induction intensity was examined by smartphone installed Phyphox software and its magneto-mechanical sensor，which is the micro vibrational period of homogeneous arc．The magnetic ball

is fixed at the center of homogeneous arc．Then the measured data was imported into Origin software and the frequency of it versus time was plotted． Based on it，the micro vibration cycle of homogeneous arc was

calculated．The obtained values are consistent with the theoretical ones with relative error of 0．11%．This method is extended to study micro vibration of complex systems by a smartphone．

ＲLC series resonant is one of circuit experiments，in order to strengthen the understanding of impedance，current and voltage resonance characteristics．Python language has wide application in data analysis and processing because of concise statements，rich library classes，open source code and etc．Some measurement data of ＲLC series resonance are analyzed．Firstly，data are preprocessed by numpy library of Python．Secondly，linear regression model is established based on scikit-learn，and data are fitted and solved through data training and machine learning． In order to measure data quality，the mean square error regression loss is analyzed through sklearn． Finally，using matplotlib to achieve data visualization． Python language is introduced for experiment data processing．Students can quickly process data，draw fitting curve and analyze data．It is vivid and intuitive，and it has a certain auxiliary for teachers to judge the quality of the experimental report．

Aiming at the safety problem of nuclear physics teaching experiment，a virtual experiment of nuclear decay statistical law based on LabVIEW is designed．The virtual radioactive source and virtual Geiger Miller  counter that simulated by algorithm are used to measure the statistical law of nuclear decay．Gaussian fitting mcontrol is used to develop data processing module and improves the virtual experiment system． The virtual experiment simulates the actual instrument completely and the operation steps are consistent with the experimental instrument used in teaching． Therefore，the virtual experiment system not only cultivates and  exercises the ability of students’nuclear physics experiment effectively，but also breaks the limitation of radioactive source preservation and broadens the application of nuclear physics experiment teaching in various

disciplines．

Measuring the refraction index of a triangular prism by spectrometer is one of the typical college physics experiments．Based on the formulas of exit angle and deviation angle，we analyzed the distribution law of critical angleand deduced the formula of minimum deviation angle，and illustrated the measurement method of refractive index by rotating a triangular prism．Then，the curves (curve family)and curved surface were plotted by MATLAB．The MATLAB program in the appendix is relatively complete，which can intuitively demonstrate and solve this above problems for readers’reference．

Accurate and rigorous processing of experimental data is a crucial part of physical experiments．For more complex physics experiments with high drawing accuracy requirements，the visualization of experimental results has played an important role in the practice of modern “University Physics Experiments”course by using software to effectively process experimental data and realize the visualization of experimental results． Taking common experiments as an example，it describes how to use Python language to quickly process experimental data and visualize images． Although the Python language is widely used，it is rarely used in physics experiments．It not only highlights basic applications such as python language-based data processing， image visualization，and fitting，but also provides the original codes．

The dynamic equations of the flexible manipulator are complex and highly nonlinear，the Backstepping design idea is introduced into the controller design and the original complex high-order nonlinear system is decomposed into a low-order simple system．In order to effectively approximate the nonlinear function in the controlled object，it proposes a control method that combines the Ｒadial basis function (ＲBF)neural network with the backstepping control idea．The simulation results show that the neural network backstepping control method based on radial basis function can realize the stability of the flexible manipulator control system．

Starting from the debugging problem of a multistage audio amplifier with triode，and aiming at the serious self-excited oscillation phenomenon of the output signal，the reason of parasitic feedback in the circuit is analyzed，and the internal resistance of the power supply is determined by the simulation software Multisim，and the solutions are given．The teaching case of feedback and self-excited oscillation is enriched，and an

effective method is provided for circuit analysis and troubleshooting．

The study experience of the optical parts of“Primary Physics Experiments”，an important course for college students，could be decently improved when optical simulation software can be introduced in the teaching process．Seelight software is applied in the experiment topic“measuring the magnification factor of a telescope”，by simulating the beam passways and adjusting the systematic parameters such as the lens separation and object distance，one can simultaneously observe the imaging results．Combined with on-hand operation，simulation software will provide the students with clearer apprehension of the experiment architecture and theory，which might be hardly achieved by traditional teaching techniques．Furthermore，by utilizing simulation software，students can break the limit of existing hardware and have a chance to study related topics．

How are these signals generated in experimental teaching?Many students feel lost． It briefly discusses how to get the signal we need from the signal synthesis and circuit rectification filter two aspects，so that we can roughly understand the source of the signal in the relevant experiment，has a positive role for students to deeply understand the experiment．

The core literacy of physics is a necessary character for science and engineering students to adapt to social development．The online and offline mixed teaching of college physical experiment is a new teaching  model derived during the epidemic，which provides an exploration direction and valuable reference for teaching in the post epidemic era．In view of the current problems in the cultivation of College Students’physics core

literacy，it discusses the mixed teaching mode of College Students’physics core literacy cultivation in the post epidemic era，which is in line with the characteristics of contemporary college students．

With the development of information technology，science and physics education in domain and abroad are increasingly emphasizing the deep integration of modern technology and teaching to stimulate educational innovation．The curriculum of optics plays an important role in physics teaching．It is an important link to cultivate students’ core competence． Modern educational technologies such as simulation and

Microcomputer-based Optical Experimental Instrument are designed to be integrated into physics teaching，and optical courses guided by STEM educational concepts are established which can cultivate students’concept of

scientific nature and improve their engineering thinking．

Taking the "electrostatic field" part of university physics and experimental courses as an example，the ideological and political teaching of exploratory courses is designed to study how to organically integrate ideological and political education in each teaching link，so as to cultivate students’scientific spirit of pursuing truth and climbing mountains，and stimulate the sense of responsibility and mission of loving the motherland

and serving the country scientifically．Through the questionnaire survey，it is found that students agree with the current ideological and political teaching mode，but there are still some areas to be improved．Through teaching discussion and teaching reflection，the improvement measures of subsequent ideological and political education are put forward．

To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation，the major task of China’s higher education is to train builders and successors of the socialist cause who are well developed morally，intellectually，physically and aesthetically．It is the need of cultivating talents with both morality and ability and developing talents in an all-round way to make all kinds of courses and ideological and political theory courses go together and form synergistic effect． Shenyang Ligong University has carried out the exploration and practice of introducing the spirit of“study the nature of things”into the course of ideological and political teaching in the college physics experiment course．It expounds the teaching cases of the effective integration of each teaching link with the spiritual，ideological and political education of " study the nature of things" in the course of teaching．For the realization of ideological and political curriculum in college physics experiment course teaching practice contribution．

Ideological and political education is an educational idea and practice with moral education as the basic task，which is the new requirement of higher education put forward by the party and the country in the new era．It first discusses the connotation of ideological and political education，and then takes the experiment of“using fast electronic verification of relativistic effect”as an example，puts forward the concrete strategies and practical application of curriculum ideological and political in modern physics experiment course，which involves many teaching links and teaching contents，and excavates the ideological and political materials of experiment project deeply．Finally，this paper summarizes the role of curriculum ideology and politics in the five links of modern physics experiment course，and puts forward expectations for the“teaching”and“educating” functions of this course．

Guided by the cultivation of talents and innovation ，It explores the new mode of practical teaching in the new era by analyzing the disadvantages of the practical teaching system in colleges and universities and combining the actual situation of the school． By improving the experimental course module construction of physics specialty and reforming the practical teaching mode a new practical teaching system and management mechanism with coordinated development of foundation and innovation ，in line with the characteristics of the times and meeting the students’ development and professional needs are constructed

Under the background of new engineering，it is of great significance to cultivate outstanding engineering and technological talents． According to the application of white light interferometer，this work explores the new teaching method by taking the Michelson interference experiment in the college physics experiment course as a sample．The white light is selected as the light source，and the principles of white light Michelson interference are deduced by combining the optical interference principle and the visibility theory of interference fringes．Simulated by Matlab，the intuitive visualization images of white light Michelson interference are obtained．Based on this，the white light interference with super-precision resolution is used to extract the topographical information of the fine surface，just like the working mode of a white light interferometer．This simulation experiment can not only assist the visual teaching of the Michelson interference experiment but also build a link between the class and practice for students，promoting the reform of the application-oriented college physics experiment curriculum．

Curriculum ideology and politics play an educational role in each course，improve the quality of talent training in colleges and universities，actively exploring curriculum ideology and politics is the basic task of every teacher．It analyzes the social background of ideological and political curriculum，take modern physics experiment course as an example，Teaching measures are explored to adapt to experimental teaching．Considering student-centered as their education ideas，making ideological and political teaching from consciousness to spontaneity．In experimental teaching，the whole process provides students with opportunities for ideological and political practice，curriculum ideology and politics should be implemented effectively．