College specialty experiment is an important course for students of engineering majors． It is the  further exploration after mastering the basic theoretical knowledge，and it is also the key to improve thestudents’ quality． With the development of the relevant subject，the teaching contents of specialized  experimental course needs to be reformed to improving the creative and practical ability of university’s  engineering student．The laser spectrum gas measurement is introduced into professional experiment teaching．  According to the students’mastery of knowledge，the base and inquiry experiments are designed reasonably．  Through the construction of the experimental system，students can intuitively feel the course of laser spectrum  measurement technology，and exercise the operation ability．Students are encouraged to use all kinds of software  learned in previous courses for experimental data processing，so as to realize the transition from textbook  learning to practical application．

Measuring the focal length of a thin optical lens is a classical primary physics experiment，while traditional teaching strategy has shown incapacity to duplicate the experimental beam pathways，component locations and image quality．Seelight software is applied in simulating the experimental process of measuring the focal length of a concave lens，especially in demonstrating the link between lens locations and image characteristics simultaneously． Combined with on-hand operation，the software simulation can provide the students with comprehensive understanding of the experimental architecture and theory，and improve their learning efficiency．

In order to solve the problem of large experimental error caused by the inability to level the tension lever during the operation of the string vibration experiment，the research has improved the string vibration device，so that the experimental error has been reduced to a large extent．The principle of reflection of light is used to overcome the large error caused by the level of the traditional string vibration experiment with the naked eye observation of the tension lever．The study shows that the relationship between the resonant frequency and the number of wave webs on the string is reduced by 1．94% on average by the improved experimental setup，which well verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the improved scheme．

Semiconductors play a important role in the contemporary age． In college physics experiment teaching，it is of great significance for students to deeply understand the band gap properties and measurement methods of semiconductors． The ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy method is an easy way to determine the band gap and energy band structure of semiconductors． It uses ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and the Tauc Plot method to determine the band gap of the Ｒuddlesden-Popper semiconductor perovskite Srn+1TinO3n+1( n = 1，2，3，∞ ) ，and discusses the application of the Tauc Plot formula in transmission and reflection conditions．

The seventh question of the 35th( 2022) Competition for Young Physicists International( IYPT) was discussed．A cylinder dice that is considered a homogeneous rigid body should have geometric and physical properties when it has the same probability to land on its side and one of its faces．

Surface plasma resonance technology is increasingly widely used，but due to the complex preparation of sensitive units，especially the low transmission efficiency of optical fiber surface plasma resonance sensor system，such sensor experiments are difficult to carry out in undergraduate teaching．It presents a multimode- inglemode structure fiber SPＲ sensor experiment which simplifies the structure of sensitive units and improves the transmission efficiency．Through experimental measurements of water，acetone，ethanol，isopropyl alcohol and ethyl orthosilicate，the results show that the average sensitivity of the experimental device can reach the 2902 nm/ＲIU，sensitive unit，which is simple to make and has a high success rate，which is very suitable for use in undergraduate teaching．

The working principles of eddy current，photoelectric and Hall sensors are analyzed，the experimental circuit is built，and the speed measurement of different range is carried out．Through the data processing and comparative analysis of the measurement results，students can intuitively understand that the sensitivity and linearity of the same sensor will change when it works in different range．The research can help students better understand the working principle and characteristics of different sensors．

When the laser beam is incident into the soap films at a small angle，there will be a small branch of light which changes rapidly in the soap film．This phenomenon is called branch flow of light，also known as “light whisker”． The effects of the area of plane soap film，laser wavelength and laser intensity on the phenomenon of branch flow of light are investigated by experiments．The results show that the larger the area of soap film is，the more obvious the phenomenon of branch flow of light is; when the laser power is fixed，the green light with shorter wavelength is used as the light source，and the phenomenon of branch flow of light is easier to be observed than the red light; when the laser wavelength is fixed，the light intensity is stronger，the phenomenon of branch flow of light is more obvious．

β-NaYF4 : Dy3+ transparent glass-ceramics with high luminous efficiency were successfully prepared by melt quenching method．The control of the luminescence spectrum and photo-temperature sensing properties of β-NaYF4 : Dy3+ glass-ceramics by doping noble metal Ag was investigated． The relationship between the fluorescence intensity，fluorescence intensity ratio，temperature sensitivity and other parameters with temperature was obtained under the excitation of 355 nm．This research provides a new method for temperature measurement in the teaching process of university physics experiments．

An experimental instrument for automatically measuring liquid surface tension coefficient based on LabVIEW data processing has been developed with Ni mydaq and microcomputer． The traditional manual measurement and reading data to calculate the liquid surface tension coefficient and the modern data collector sensor combined with the computer to automatically measure the liquid surface tension coefficient are combined to measure the corresponding data of both pure water and different concentrations of alcohol．Based on the above data，the liquid surface tension coefficient is further calculated and the corresponding curves are drawn．Through this experiment，students will master both traditional and modern measurement methods for liquid surface tension coefficient，which will help to broaden students’knowledge vision，and cultivate students’ability to solve problems and innovative thinking with various methods．

Hexavalent chromium poses long-term environmental risks and can cause genetic defects and even cancer in humans，whereas trivalent chromium does not．At present，photocatalytic degradation of hexavalent chromium is considered as a cheap and rapid method． C3N4 is a planar graphene-like material with good photocatalytic performance．By composite copper，zinc，tin and sulfur ( Cu2ZnSnS4 ) ，the composite material with excellent degradation performance was obtained，and the degradation rate reached 95．2% at 5 min．Compared with the single C3N4 and Cu2ZnSnS4，the increase was 4．83 and 1．4 times．

The flow velocity was measured using homemade Marriott device under different conditions，which certified that the Marriott device could provide a constant velocity and investigate the factors to influence its constant velocity feature．The water pipes were assembled by two types connecting to the Marriott device．The pressure，flow velocity and height difference of water at different positions in the pipes were measured to verify Bernoulli’s theorem experimentally．Meanwhile，Bernoulli constant( C) of the main flow pipe was equal to the sum of the tributary pipes by measuring parameters in main and tributary pipes the main，which extended the

application Bernoulli’s theorem in the field of tributary pipes．

A scheme of measuring liquid refractive index based on linear CCD is proposed．The parallel beam emitted by laser converge through a lens，and a linear CCD is set at the convergence point to measure the diameter of the beam．After liquid is inject into the container behind the lens，the beam is refracted，and the refractive index can be measured by the variation of the beam diameter．The refractive index of distilled water and ethanol obtained by experiment is consistent with the standard value，and the relative error is less than 0．4%．Especially，the refractive index can be measured only by measuringthe variation of the beam diameter for different liquids．The scheme has the advantages of simple structure，simplified operation and accurate easurement，which has application value in physics experiment teaching and research on manufacturing refractive index measuring instrument．

The imbalanced injection mold with microstructure was developed．Through the injection and filling experiment，the experimental phenomenon of imbalanced filling was found．Combined with numerical simulation analysis，through the analysis of the temperature field of the runner and the gate，the students have a fundamental understanding of the reasons for the formation of imbalanced filling．

At present，most of the improvements in the electrostatic field depiction experiment are limited to the plane，mainly discussed at the one-dimensional and two-dimensional level，and there are very few experiments on three-dimensional space depiction，and only some of the improvements in this area are not intuitive enough to analyze the plane data and then stretch the body through software．However，the distribution of the electric  field around the charged body is usually three-dimensional space，in order to make students more intuitive understanding and study the distribution of the electrostatic field in space，this experiment takes the threedimensional module design as the core，in the electrostatic field depiction，the three-dimensional module is mainly composed of related auxiliary components，through experimental operations，the asymmetrical structure of the three-dimensional electrostatic field is accurately positioned and depicted．

Ｒainbow and secondary rainbow are common natural phenomena in the sky after rain．Ｒainbows are formed after sunlight is refracted twice and reflected once in raindrops．The secondary rainbow is formed by two reflections and two refractions of sunlight in raindrops．Because secondary rainbow is reflected in raindrops more than rainbow once，the light intensity will weaken． Therefore，the brightness of secondary rainbow is much weaker than that of rainbow，so secondary rainbow is very rare．The rainbow phenomenon eproduced by the traditional rainbow demonstrator is not obvious，and it cannot display rainbow and secondary rainbow at the same time． It is inconvenient to make，and has high reproduction requirements． It cannot be studied quantitatively．After in-depth and detailed research，a new rainbow and secondary rainbow demonstration device is made to reproduce the rainbow and secondary rainbow phenomenon．The device has the advantages of simple operation，high portability，obvious phenomenon and low environmental requirements．It can also quantitatively study the influencing factors of rainbow and secondary rainbow．The demonstration of the rainbow and secondary

rainbow demonstrator can deepen the understanding of optical phenomena in the atmosphere and the principle

of rainbow and secondary rainbow formation．

Fourier series decomposition and synthesis experiment is the main practical course of electronicinformation specialty．Traditional experimental instruments are designed based on analog circuit technology，which have some shortcomings，such as unstable waveform，inaccurate measurement data，weak reliability and so on．This paper designs and implements a new Fourier experimental instrument based on digital frequency synthesis technology，including signal generation module，amplification module，amplitude modulation module，phase shift module and synthesis module，and optimizes the experimental scheme． In addition，the assembly efficiency and maintenance convenience are fully considered in the design of the experimental instrument．The prototype test data show that the new experimental instrument has significantly improved the signal quality and experimental data measurement of the machine．．

The temperature control in the laboratory plays a decisive role in the physical experimental results．Under the premise of low cost，the intelligent temperature controller improves the temperature control accuracy and stability of the temperature control of old laboratory equipment as much as possible．Based on STM32 single-chip microcomputer，the intelligent temperature controller uses DS18B20 temperature sensor to measure temperature，uses intelligent LCD touch screen and voice synthesis module to display，and at the same time uses fuzzy PID control algorithm，using heating tube and TEC semiconductor refrigeration chip to realize dynamic temperature control．Compared with the traditional temperature control instrument using the position control algorithm，the intelligent temperature controller has higher temperature control accuracy，stronger stability，higher response rate and lower noise，which meets the project design requirements of energy saving

and environmental protection．

An experimental system for the measurement of the temperature coefficient of Platinum resistance was designed base on NI USB-6210 data acquisition card and LabVIEW．The system could record and display the change of temperature vs output voltage of unbalanced bridge in real-time． Multi experimental curves of different parameters could be displayed simultaneously，which could help us to slope of the calibration curve．The experimental results show that the proposed system makes the process of measurement intuitive and accurate，and it can better meet the requirements of scientific research test and teaching experiment．

Based on Phyphox App，it uses smart phone to build an experimental device for coupled pendulum．By measuring the change of magnetic induction intensity to indirectly measure the amplitude of the pendulum，the in-phase and anti-phase motion of the coupled pendulum and the coupled strength，the distance between the coupled point and the rotating point are investigated．The beat phenomenon of normal vibration of coupled pendulum is also studied．The results show that in the case of in-phase oscillation，the oscillation period has little relation with the position of the coupled point，while in the case of anti-phase oscillation，the inverse square of the oscillation period has a linear relation with the square of the distance between the coupled point and the inverse square． The transfer of energy between two pendulums can be seen very clearly under the condition of normal vibration． In addition，the relative error between the measured beating period and the theoretical value is 7．9%．

Two applications of the smartphone in college physics experiment，i． e．，demonstrating beat phenomena and demonstrating three-dimensional vision of human eye，were explored．The frequency generator app was installed on a smart phone to make the phone output two simple harmonic sound waves with close frequency at the same time，and the beat phenomenon in sound could be heard． The beat frequency was measured and it was confirmed that the beat frequency is equal to the difference between the frequencies of two simple harmonic vibrations．A picture was taken using a smartphone．Another picture was taken after moving the smartphone 6．0 cm，i．e．，about the distance of two pupils of human eyes．These two pictures were shown on the smartphone at the same time．Then the smartphone was put in a VＲ glasses，and three-dimensional image was observed by the VＲ glasses．Three-dimensional vision of human eye was demonstrated by this means．

The influence of different baffle with different areas on the resistance coefficient was studied when the spring oscillator moved on the air cushion guide rail by the assembled ESP32 and ultrasonic distance sensor and the smartphone with APP of Phyphox．The measured date was transferred via Bluetooth to smartphone．The experimental result shows that the resistance coefficient has a linear relationship with the baffle area．

The force-sensitive sensor was used to measure the liquid surface tension coefficient．To deal with experiment date correctly by the method of successive minus．The data were processed by the difference by difference method．According to the theory of measurement uncertainty，the transfer formula of the uncertainty for the liquid surface tension coefficient was deduced and applied in subsequent data processing．

Grating constant measurement experiment especially reflect the characteristics of optical experiment， which requires high coarse adjustment and strong adjustment sequence．It can cultivate students to develop thehabit of careful observation and thinking，and improve students’hands-on ability in experiments． In theexperiment，there are some problems，such as the blurred reflection image due to the unfocused telescope，the too long time of coarse adjustment of the telescope and the unclear grating adjustment requirements，which lead to the delay of the experiment．In-depth analysis of the above problems has been done，and some solutions are  found．The focus of the telescope is adjusted by a plane mirror sticking close to the light outlet of the telescope， and the coarse adjustment of the telescope is assisted by the parallel light tube．The grating adjustment requirements are summarized as: “Three scales and two coincide，equal height of the spectral lines; Both are satisfied，and then measure the diffraction angles”．

Three-wire pendulum with different materials of the cycloid，will have different degrees of impact on the experimental results．The cycloid will resonate．Using fishing line and nylon line as cycloid respectively，measure the variation of the period of vibration and percentage error of the rings and bakelite plate with increasing mass when the cycloid extension was ignored and considered．The results of the experiment were analyzed．

It focuses on the common problems in current experimental teaching of Newton Ｒing，such as students’lack of theoretical understanding，neglect of formula correction and sloppy error analysis．Heuristic teaching process is discussed to closely link the experimental operation with formula derivation．Students could find errors in the measurement process by themselves．Under the guidance of a teacher，a comprehensive data handling is conducted to obtain a revised scheme for error correction．This clear teaching process is based on the doubt and correction of experimental data，so that students’ participation is greatly improved．The significance of successive differential method and normalization processing could be deeply understood，while the comprehension of error factors measurement correction and data processing is greatly deepened．

The innovation ability of interdisciplinary graduate students in biophysics is of great significance to the development of the subject and the progress of science and technology．Type of biophysical interdisciplinary graduate status quo analysis，found the main process of its innovation ability training in science and technology resources allocation constraints exist training mode，coordination mechanism is not sound，curing three problems，to solve these problems put forward the corresponding solutions: build biophysical interdisciplinary resources sharing platform，promote mutual disciplinary resources; Establish biophysics interdisciplinary graduate student associations to activate interdisciplinary academic innovation atmosphere; Optimize the training strategy of biophysics graduate students to ensure the training quality of compound innovative talents．

The most important thing in teaching is the cultivation for man Experimental teaching emphasizes the coordinated development of knowledge，ability and quality．For the same experimental teaching content，we use different teaching methods to produce different teaching effect． In experimental teaching，encouraging students to dare to think，speak and act，we reform experiment teaching content，make it close to life and reality．The project-driven open experiment based on OBE education concept will expand the experimental content beyond the basic content of experimental teaching in class，meanwhile this improve students’practical ability，and enhance independently design and develop in the implementation process to solve practical problems．Besides，this kind of open experiment can promote the organic integration of teaching methods and experimental teaching process，better reflects the learning concept of “all-round opening，independent innovation and Integrated practice”，and benefits the cultivation of innovative application talents．

The ideological and political content mining is the foundation of the ideological and political curriculum．Combining with the characteristics of the course of“University physics experiment”，it explores the humanistic spirit of the course from four aspects: patriotic spirit of scientists，noble personality，rational and scientific sentiment for truth，and professional ethics．Thus，it is not only beneficial to improve the interesting and ideological nature of the class，but also to enrich students’political spirit and build a complete and noble personality．

Taking the experimental data as the starting point and the teaching content as the carrier，it explores the ideological and political education in college physics experiment course．The teaching reform of college physics experiment course is carried out from the following four aspects: reforming curriculum objectives，building classroom ecology，strengthening teaching observation and interaction，and improving performance evaluation，so as to practice education in small data．

Virtual experiment can improve the students’learning enthusiasm and ability to promote the reform and development of higher education under the background of emerging engineering education disciplines．However，the virtual experiment teaching system was short of its own independency and completeness，its teaching methods were lack of independence and innovation，and its teaching contents were also lack of

practicality．So that the sustainable development of its virtual teaching was blocked．In this work，the“2+3+1” virtual teaching mode is suggested through internet and virtual simulation according to characteristics of specialty experiment． Its teaching contents，teaching methods，teaching implementation，and teaching evaluation are structured． It has showed that 92% student think this virtual teaching mode could improve learning initiative，and help them to effectively control learning process through“Virtual simulation experiment on fault diagnosis ＆ startup and shutdown of kiln system”．At the same time，it also may help them to develop a good habit and attitude of learning，gain a sense of achievement，and enhance self-confidence in order to improve the average retention rate of learning．

In the new era，the ideological and political education has become the demand of ideological and political work in universities and one of the effective measures of “All staff，whole-process and All round Education”．Taking University Physics Experiment Course as an example，summarizes the path of ideological and political education in this course，i．e．to enhance teachers’consciousness and ability in ideological and political education，to explore the elements into the general physics experiment content，teaching methods and evaluation system from multiple perspectives，to advocate science education activities，and to establish physics experiment course ideological and political education database．Then，it analyzes some problems still existing in the ideological and political education in university physics experiment course，in the hope that it could provide reference for the ideological and political education of other relevant general practice courses．

In the rapid development of the economic tide，talent is to determine the driving force of the economic development．The cultivation of talents lies in colleges and universities．It takes the course of semiconductor physics as an example to explore how to carry out the concept of“integrating truth and reality，collaborating with innovation”in teaching work，so as to effectively enhance the core competitiveness of college students in future work．Guided by the important needs of the country and the region，breaking the boundary between theory and practice，summarizing the research direction and combining the characteristics of the subject research，this paper puts forward the curriculum reform mode of the sustainable development．The organic combination of teaching，scientific research and application plays an important role in national scientific and technological progress and economic development．