This research combines theory to understand the relevant factors that affect the motion of the gyroscope，and uses the video analysis software Tracker to analyze the friction torque between the cylindrical magnet and the aluminum gyroscope，as well as the influence of the radial distance on the gyroscope． Analyze and explain how it can be used to make a Teslameter．

According to references，the lower cost graphite oxide powder was used as raw material，DMF was used as solvent，and the graphene quantum dots were prepared by solvothermal method． The products were tested by transmission electron microscope and Ｒaman spectrum，which fully proved that the experiment was successful．Then we use the excellent conductivity of graphene quantum dots to apply the prepared graphene quantum dots to all inorganic perovskite solar cells． Compared with the control group，the current density and photoelectric conversion efficiency have been significantly improved．

There are many interesting phenomena when the vector light field with spatially varying polarization states interacts with nonlinear matter． In the experiment，the vortex half-wave plate is used to convert the fundamental mode Gaussian light into a vector light field with spatial polarization state distribution，and then interact with the hot atomic medium by changing the frequency，power of the laser and the related properties of the hot atoms to observe the energy distribution of the vector light field after passing through the hot atoms，the experimental results show that these factors have an important influence on the interaction between the vector light field and the hot atoms. Our work may have certain reference significance in studying the teaching of college physics experiment．

Vortex is a common flow phenomenon in nature．Typhoon is one of the most devastating disasters in nature，and its essence is also a vortex．The typhoon demonstration device based on the controllable fluid vortex aims to make a low-cost research device that can be used for vortex research，and realize the simulation of typhoon．Under the premise of controllable vortex size and movement，the single vortex and Fujiwhara effect are studied through the OPENMV machine vision technology to track and collect image information，and the real- time movement tracking of the vortex is obtained，which is measured by image analysis technology．

The experiment of measuring giant magnetoresistance effect and its application by manual and automatic methods is designed，the experimental content and measurement means are improved，the students’ understanding of the principle and application of giant magnetoresistance is deepened，and the students’ability to analyze and deal with a variety of problems is cultivated．

Magnetic field measurement by electromagnetic induction is a very important problem in electromagnetics． An important method to generate uniform magnetic field is provided by Helmholtz coil． However，the coil is characterized by producing a uniform magnetic field only over a small area near the midpoint of its common axis．A new type of double cone uniform magnetic field generator is designed based on the traditional double circle Helmholtz coil to make the uniform magnetic field more accurate． Finally，the experimental results are compared with the numerical simulation results，and the experimental results are basically consistent with the theoretical ones．Through the improvement of Helmholtz coil，the knowledge is not only helped to better understand and mastered by students，but also is exercised students’hands-on ability and improves students’innovation ability by students． The teaching mode combining new experimental technology and electromagnetic theory has been applied in practical teaching，which makes the abstract physical concepts and formulas become more concrete and visualized，and has also received good teaching effects．

The sound generation mechanism of “singing ferrites”is studied，and the resonant frequency，displacement and stress distribution of the ferrite rods with free edges under the condition of bias magnetic field are calculated based on the longitudinal vibration theory and the linear magnetostrictive constitutive equations． The longitudinal vibration modes，resonant frequencies and the relation between amplitude and voltage of the three ferrite rods are tested．Experimental tests on rods show that the amplitude is approximately linear with the voltage within a certain bias magnetic field and a certain excitation voltage． Ultrasonic atomization will occur when the amplitude is greater than 1 μm． At the excitation voltage of 65 V，the amplitude can reach 16 μm， meanwhile the rod will break．The breakpoint position is basically consistent with that of the calculation．

A new observation method of rainbow and neon phenomenon is proposed． By refitting the spectrometer with the light source and taking the self-made “optical lens and adding device”as the core，the dynamic adjustment of the light intensity of the light source，the length and width of the rainbow，the refractive index and other parameters is realized，which can stably present the curved rainbow phenomenon with adjustable curvature，and solve the difficulty in adjusting the parameters of the traditional device Neon presents the problem of single effect．The device is small and easy to carry，which provides a new enlightenment idea for guiding users to comprehensively learn the principle of neon imaging in multiple dimensions．

In the traditional Young’s double slit interference experiment，limited by the mechanized machining accuracy of the double slit，the double slit interference optical path has a large deviation compared with the theory．Thanks to the good optical performance of the liquid crystal light valve，the double slit electronization is realized，that is，the image of the computer display is transformed into a voltage signal to control the liquid crystal light valve，so as to simulate a high-precision double slit with freely adjustable size． Furthermore，the change of interference fringe spacing after the electronic double slit interference light path passes through the transparent medium is studied，and the relationship between the refractive index of the transparent medium and the interference fringe spacing is derived．In order to optimize the measurement，the image information collected by CCD is used，the image is processed by Photoshop，and the magnification factor is calculated through the spacing of pixels on the display screen，so as to determine the actual spacing of corresponding stripes and improve the accuracy of experimental data sampling．Finally，the measurement error is analyzed by mathematical method．

Based on the Stokes formula and Newton’s second law，this paper proposes a new method for measuring the viscosity of liquid-the floating method，and designs and fabricates an experimental device for the floating method．The idea of this experimental method is to combine the ball with the help of a magnet After being pulled to the center of the bottom of the container，it is released．Because the buoyancy of the combined ball is greater than gravity，the combined ball floats up． It can be observed that the combined ball performs a variable acceleration movement in castor oil with reduced acceleration until it reaches a constant speed． The uniform speed section of the combined ball is measured by a timing device．Calculate the viscosity coefficient of

castor oil．The principle of this experimental method is simple，the experimental equipment is reliable，and the experiment repeatability is high． It provides a reliable and effective new method for measuring the viscosity coefficient of liquid．Through this method The error between the measured and calculated viscosity coefficient and the standard value is less than 5%，indicating that the method has high measurement accuracy．

The Newtonian gravitational constant G，as the basic physical constant describing the strength of gravitational interaction between objects，was one of the earliest fundamental constants introduced by physicists．Due to the weakness and unshielablity fo gravity，G still remains the least precisely known among all fundamental physical constants yet．As one of the important experiments in the field of precision measurement physics，the G measurement experiment puts high demands on the accuracy of the measurement．Based on the principles of the time-of-swing method，a simple G measurement is designed，the pendulum，the source mass and their relative positions are accurately measured． Based on the designed device，the measurement result of the gravitational constant G is given by accumulating periodic data with or without the source mass． As an innovative experiment on physics teaching for undergraduates，it involves mechanics，kinematics，optics， metrology and other related college physics courses in the teaching and experiment process，which helps to cultivate students’logical thinking ability，practical ability，and scientific analysis ability，and deepen the understanding of relevant knowledge points and apply them．

This experiment uses atmospheric pressure discharge to produce plasma，and uses the axial divergent magnetic field generated by the combination of permanent magnets to restrict the plasma，which intuitively shows the experimental phenomenon of magnetic field restraining the plasma． The experimental method is simple and convenient，which plays an important role in improving the basic plasma knowledge and innovative experimental ability of college students．

Characteristic spectral line ( spectrometric method) is a common method to measure the composition of plasma gas，which detects plasma signals by optical fibers，acquires and analyzes the data using a spectrometer．The purpose of this experiment is to accurately detect the composition of inert gases by the process of pressurized ionization to make it a plasma．These characteristic spectral lines of plasma emission were detected by spectrograph，and the specific composition information of inert gas was obtained based on data collection and analysis．

After learning of the university physics experiment，we based on the volatility of light，we combined the traditional diffraction grating，Michelson interference，double prism interference experiment，carried out innovative experiments，using visible light diffraction grating and the grating equation of measuring wavelength precision value，and designs a simple structure，convenient operation of the instruments that measure the wavelength，carry on the numerical simulation．

Digital holography can record the phase of specimen，which can be applied in label-free imaging．Combined parallel polarization phase shifting techniques with Michelson interferometer，the on-axis Michelson-type holographic microscopy is optimized by using polarization camera and wave plate． Quantitative complexfield imaging，dynamic imaging and single-shot microscopic imaging are realized by the proposed system．Experimental results show that this method can snapshot reconstruct complex field information of the object，dynamic imaging and unlabeled quantitative phase imaging for the mouse liver cells．

Based on the existing problems in the traditional measurement method of liquid viscosity coefficient，like low repetition rate，large error and small measurement range，it adopts single chip microcomputer and metalsensor to improve the existing device． The metal sensor senses the metal ball，cooperates with the single chipmicrocomputer to time and display the time results，and the computer is used to calculate the liquid viscosity coefficient．The experimental results show that the measurement process of the improved measuring device isintuitive and accurate，the error of the viscosity coefficient measured and calculated is small，and it is suitable for measuring the viscosity coefficient of opaque liquid，which widens the detection range of liquid．

Spectrometer is a precision optical instrument，which can accurately measure the angle between two rays in the horizontal plane rather than in the vertical plane．In order to solve this problem，the spectrometer is added a sector gear and a solution platform to become a“polarimeter”and then to measure the optical rotation of solutions．By changing the concentration，length and temperature of the solution as well as the wavelength of incident light，the specific rotation is determined for the sucrose and fructose solution． It is found that experimental errors are less than 2．0%，indicating the high accuracy of the modified instrument． At the same time，compared with the traditional light of sodium lamp，the laser light is helpful for the more clearly experimental phenomena，easier operation，and therefore better teaching effects．

A new type of viscosity coefficient measuring instrument was designed．The device was equipped with two coaxial transparent acrylic tubes as the main structure of the experiment，and auxiliary measuring instruments such as buoys and double Hall sensors． Through research and experiment on castor oil viscosity coefficient，the best measurement area suitable for the measuring instrument was selected． The experimental results and errors were analyzed，and the expected experimental results were achieved．

In this project，we will design a comprehensive experimental instrument of vortex optical interference and diffraction，which integrates vortex optical interference and diffraction on an experimental platform． In the project experiment instrument，the traditional laser is replaced by vortex light，which makes undergraduates contact with new interference and diffraction phenomena，and stimulates undergraduates’interest in cutting- edge technology．At the same time，the optical components of the experimental instrument can be adjusted to improve undergraduates’experimental ability and hands-on ability．The experimental instrument integrates four kinds of light paths in the structure，optimizes the light path on the small platform，and skillfully combines the two kinds of interference diffraction light paths in the small size through the beam splitter，which greatly saves the space occupied by the four kinds of light paths． This instrument has great application value in university physics experiment，optical experiment and scientific research experiment．

Measuring the refractive index of solution has important theoretical and practical implications． It studies the refractive index measurement device and method of transparent solution based on Michelson interferometer and smart phone，and applies it to quantitative measurement of the refractive index of salt and sucrose solution．The experimental results show that at the optimum working angle，the measuring device and method can quantitatively measure the refractive index of transparent liquid，the performance of the measuring device is stable，and the measuring method has high precision，about 3% and 2% respectively． Using smartphone optical sensor and free application-Phyphox to read the changes of laser interference fringes instead of human eyes，not only solves the pain point of human eye reading in traditional Michelson interference experiments，but also improves the objectivity and accuracy of the experiment．Experimental research will help to expand the application field of Michelson interferometer and smartphone in physics teaching and research， and deepen students’understanding and knowledge of wave optics and two-beam interference．

Diffraction of light is one of the most important contents in physical optics teaching．It introduces the basic principle of Fraunhofer diffraction in light diffraction，and simulates the intensity distribution of Fraunhofer diffraction under different aperture with Matlab． The simulation experiment is transparent，intuitive and easy to operate，which plays a very helpful role in the teaching of physical optics and college physics experiment．

It introduces a control circuit of AC asynchronous motor based on electric relay．The circuit controls the strong current through the weak current to realize the start，stop，forward and reverse of single-phase and three-phase AC asynchronous motors．Based on these designs，combined with MCU，sensors and other devices， this research realizes the functions of intelligent irrigation，daylighting，ventilation and temperature control in greenhouse planting and poultry breeding of smart farm，and has a broad application prospect．

The relationship between falling time and falling body mass in the experiment of measuring moment of inertia with falling body method is discussed． A novel approach is proposed to measure moment of inertia where the slow-motion shooting function of Smartphone is employed to capture the rotation of rigid body，then the rigid body angle location can be obtained according to the time line of the video． Using Origin to process data，fitting curve to obtain the angular acceleration of rigid body，finally obtain the moment of inertia of the rigid body rotation．Compared with the traditional measurement method，the measurement method is more simple and more accurate，which is of great significance for improving the teaching of physics experiment．

The magnetic sensor of smartphone with Phyphox App was used to build an experimental device for the three-body coupled pendulum by measuring the change of magnetic induction intensity． The beats and energy transfer among pendulums can be clearly observed． By changing four initial conditions，different oscillating modes occur．In addition，with increasing coupling distance and the beat periods of mid pendulum monotonously decrease． The three-body coupling problem was solved by Maple software． It is found that the solution of equations is basically consistent with the experimental results．The fabricated experimental device is simple and suitable for home experiment．

The experiment of Design and Calibration of Thermistor Thermometer is a required design and research experiment for science and engineering students in our university． The Geometer’s Sketchpad was used to optimize the experimental design process，which improved the efficiency of experimental design and obtained the parameters of the components in a short time ( t = 25．0 ℃ as an example) : Power supply E = 2．009 V， Ｒs = 5 000 Ω，Ｒ1= Ｒ2 = 3 375 Ω，such a combination of parameters make thermistor thermometer can measure the temperature 25． 0 ℃ ～ 75． 0 ℃ ，the linear relationship between the current of the micro-ammeter and temperature has reached the optimal state． At the same time，the maximum power of the thermistor is 0．434 8 m W，which is far less than the maximum power of 1 m W，proving that the design is successful．

Michelson interferometer is an important instrument for measuring spectrum and material properties，which can directly demonstrate equal inclination interference，equal thickness interference and their mutual transformation． The dynamic evolution of equal inclination interference and equal thickness interference is simulated by MATLAB software．The virtual simulation experiment scene of Michelson interferometer is created by unity software． The MATLAB subroutine is embedded in the scene． By adjusting the boom，the moderate inclination interference fringes can be processed，and the equal inclination interference can be transformed into equal thickness interference and white light interference．The demonstration process of the interference change is intuitive and visual，which enhances the interaction between the user and Michelson interference virtual simulation experiment．

The rectifier and filter simulation circuit based on Multisim is designed，it can avoid the inconvenience and potential danger of changing components in the actual circuit，and it can help study the rectifier and filter more thoroughly．By setting up the simulation circuit and adjusting the parameters of relevant devices，the waveform of rectifier filter is presented intuitively，the reason for the difference between voltage and theoretical value after rectifier is analyzed，and the conclusion is drawn that the filter effect is better with the larger capacitor value，and when the capacitor charge-discharge time constant is greater than 1 second，the output voltage reaches the maximum value．

LabVIEW is a graphical virtual instrument development system．This paper introduces the idea and implementation method of simulation design for ＲLC circuit steady-state series experiments by using LabVIEW software platform． The component parameters are set flexibly and conveniently，moreover，it has a series of functions such as acquisition and saving of experimental data，generating images and completing data processing，etc．The experimental results are reasonable．It makes the tedious calculation and graphing process in traditional experiments simple and easy． It is adapted to the current environment and put into experimental teaching with good effect．

The major of mechanical engineering undertakes the important task of cultivating compound innovative talents for advanced equipment manufacturing． College physics，as a basic course for science and engineering majors in colleges and universities，meets the requirements of the “new engineering disciplines” reform，and it is extremely important to explore the teaching content and teaching methods of college physics to adapt to the training of new talents in mechanical engineering．It analyzes the characteristics of college physics theory and experiment teaching，and proposes new ways of innovative teaching contents，teaching methods and optimization of examination methods，so as to strengthen the connection between college physics and mechanical engineering specialty courses and improve the teaching effect．

“Courses for ideological and political education”is a new measure for colleges to implement the fundamental task of cultivating people with moral integrity，all-round education，and improve the quality of personnel training．As a new teaching idea and mode，people pay much attention to the integration of ideological and political education into curriculum teaching．As an example，we expound the idea of integrating the concept of “cultivating people by virtue”in the experiment teaching of measure the electromotive force of the battery with the potentiometer． The whole teaching process embodies the organic integration of knowledge impart，scientific literacy and practical ability training，as well as value leading education and teaching philosophy．

Based on the problems faced by new energy materials and devices talent training under the new engineering background，the “three types and four dimensions”talent training mode has been proposed by Northeast Electric Power University，which is the innovation and practice of the talent training mode of new engineering in provincial colleges and universities． This talent training mode realizes classified cultivation， which is in line with the concept of new engineering education． The implementation of this training mode not only enhances students’social adaptability，employment competitiveness and sustainable development ability， but also organically combines the scientific research with the major teaching and students’cultivation． This talent training mode can also unify the completion of educational tasks，scientific research tasks and production tasks in one process．

In the context of the pan-media era of “Internet +”，it is necessary to make new explorations of physical experiment of college based on online teaching platform and social network．In order to allow students to learn physical experiments of college more scientifically and efficiently，we should highly integrate experiments and internet information technology to create smart classes，demonstrate physical experiment phenomena through new media and operation precautions，expand teaching resources，reform experimental teaching modes，and improve the quality and of efficiency experimental teaching．This kind of innovative smart class based on “Internet +”can not only stimulate students’interest in learning，promote students to master scientific and reasonable learning methods，but also exercise the practical ability of college students in physics experiments，thereby cultivating students’sense of innovation and scientific literacy．

The research-oriented open experiment teaching is the one which carried out under the guidance of scientific research project． The open experiment teaching led by front topics was discussed with taking the photovoltaic effect of ferroelectric materials as an example．The main purpose of this experiment is to study the preparation of ferroelectric photovoltaic devices and photovoltaic property．Through the combination of scientific research and experiment teaching，the knowledge scopes of students have been widened and improve their scientific research qualities have been improved．

In order to improve the quality of university physics experiment teaching and students’scientific accomplishment，to strengthen the university physics experiment certification of graduation requirements for engineering support． This study adopts the method of investigation and inductive analysis． It is based on the physics experiment and engineering certification graduation requirements of science and engineering universities to design construction of university physics experiment course objectives．The curriculum objectives are divided into three index points，and it is found by questionnaire survey that students’physics experiment level has been significantly improved before and after the implementation of the curriculum objectives，which

indicates the effectiveness and practical value of the curriculum objectives．