The tensile method is generally used to measure the young’s modulus of metal wire in college physics experiment courses,but the function of the experimental device is not perfect enough to support the experimenter to debug strictly according to the theoretical optical path,the measurement results are inaccurate, and it is not conducive to cultivating students’rigorous academic attitude.In view of the above problems, a new young’s modulus experimental instrument is developed,and the angle detection device is introduced to realize the real-time measurement, display and debugging of the inclination of the optical lever plane mirror and ruler. and a new experimental scheme is compiled.The prototype is built and experimental verification is carried out The data error and experimental process are significantly improved.

With the rapid development of China's electric power industry ,the renewable energy ,e.g.,wind andsolar energy,has rapidly   developed.However,the uneven spatial distribution and the supply instability greatlrestrict the development of new energy technologies. Focused on the development of gravity energy storage( CES) technologies ,it introduces four kinds of new grid-level gravity energy storage technologies emerging inthe world in recent years,including Gravity Power CES in USA,Ares Mountain GES in USA, Energy VaultCES in Swiss ,and Gravitricity CES in UK.Compared to the traditional electrochemical energy storage methodsuck kinds of CES technologies has the advantages of safety , large storage capacity and small impact on theenvironment.Also,they significantly reduce the dependence on geographical conditions and water resources.which are beyond the application of the traditional pumped hydro storage CES method.Thus , these new CESmethods have broad application prospects. According to the available researches, it also points out thedevelopment obstacles and technical problems of the new gravity energy storage technology ,which can providespecific guidance on the domestic development of GES technologies in China.

For the experiment of free vibration ,the relationship between the amplitude θ of balance wheel and the natural period To can be expressed as θ＝ 10429－6525Ｔ0 according to the linear fitting function of Origin software,which can provide a clear reference for the analysis of subsequent experimental images. The experimental data of damping vibration and amplitude-frequency characteristic were processed by using the successive differential method and the graphic method respectively,and the obtained damping coefficients β are 0.0594 s-1 and 0.0610s-1.As for the forced vibration. the fitting results of amplitude-and phase-freouencr characteristic curves show that the resonance occurs when the motor frequency w is equal to the intrinsic frequency wn of balance wheel. the amplitude θr reaches 144°.and the phase difference (φ) between the balance wheel and the external force is just m/2.which well confirms the relevant rules of physical experiments.The resonant circular frequency can be calculated as w = 3.985 9 s by analyzing the characteristic parameters at resonance,and the relative error between w, and w(3.986 8 s)is only 0.023%, indicating that the graphical method is very successful in the quantitative analysis and calculation of the experimental data of forced vibration.

Based on the physical principles of Hall effect and torque action, this proiect designs a set of laboratory safety intelligent management system by using steering gear,infrared sensor,Hall sensor,stepping motor,screw nut, rain sensing module,flame sensing module,buzzer and other equipment, single chip microcomputer control and bluetooth remote control.The device includes four systems;automatic door closing, automatic window closing remote lamp closing and flame detection. which can realize the functions of unmanned automatic door closing. detecting whether the doors and windows are closed.remote control dool closing rain detection. automatic window closing remote lamp closing flame alarm. etc The device has the advantages of simple operation, high automation ,stable system and wide application range.Through the test. the device can be widely used in various laboratories, has good adaptability to the environment, and is worth popularizing.

Based on the college physical experiment of interference pattern observation by Michelsoninterferometer，an experiment to measure the surface profile is proposed． It asks the student to obtain theinterference pattern with proper period by adding the additional optical path difference from adjustment of reference mirror inclination．The CCD or industrial camera is used to capture single frame of the interference pattern．Matlab is used to make the program mainly containing the Fourier transform and filtering algorithm to process the interference pattern to calculate the surface profile．

Helmholtz Coils are widely used in scientific research and industrial fields,and studying its magnetic field distribution is an important part of university physics experiments.The article uses the smartphone’s built- in magnetometer and physics experiment application (phyphox)to quantitatively measure the current-carrying Helmholtz coils’central axiscentral radial and three-dimensional magnetic field distribution.Comparison of experimental measurement results with theoretical calculations, which is consistent and the measurement accuracy is within the acceptable range,which confirms the feasibility of the method.The introduction of smar phones as sensors in traditional university physics experiments can not only reduce the cost of experiments,but also stimulate interest in learning and enhance students’desire to explore.

A variety of simulation tools，such as ZEMAX and Matlab，have been used to assist the teaching of the Michelson interferometer．Matlab is not a special optical simulation software and lacks intuitionism．The main simulation method of ZEMAX is the tracing of geometric light，ignoring the optical effects of diffraction and vector wave．The physical optical simulation software is used to simulate the Michelson interferometer，analyze the fringe characteristics，and study vortex beam interferometry． The effectiveness of VirtualLab Fusion for physical optics teaching aid is verified．

Based on the interference principle of Newton’s rings, a simulation experiment software for measuring refractive index of liquid was designed and developed using Python programing language. The simulation software has a graphic user interface and functional modules including the introduction of experiment instrument and principle.the simulation of Newton’s rings patterns under different experimental parameters. the measurement of refractive index of common liquids,and data processing.It can also calculate and analyze the data of both virtual and real experiments.The simulation experiment software can be used to assist teaching. improve the quality of pre-class preview and the effect of teaching.

The Newtonian gravitational constant G，as the basic physical constant describing the strength of gravitational interaction between objects，was one of the earliest fundamental constants introduced by physicists．Due to the weakness and unshielablity fo gravity，G still remains the least precisely known among all fundamental physical constants yet．As one of the important experiments in the field of precision measurement physics，the G measurement experiment puts high demands on the accuracy of the measurement．Based on the principles of the time-of-swing method，a simple G measurement is designed，the pendulum，the source mass and their relative positions are accurately measured． Based on the designed device，the measurement result of the gravitational constant G is given by accumulating periodic data with or without the source mass． As an innovative experiment on physics teaching for undergraduates，it involves mechanics，kinematics，optics， metrology and other related college physics courses in the teaching and experiment process，which helps to cultivate students’logical thinking ability，practical ability，and scientific analysis ability，and deepen the understanding of relevant knowledge points and apply them．

Based on 1 stOpt gobal optimization program，a new optimization method of atomic cluster structure is proposed by using embedded program language and dynamic library．The unbiased optimization programming of Lennard—Jones，Gupta and Sutton．Chen molecular clusters with three potential functions and the structure of diatomic alloy molecular clusters with Gupta potential are realized．The results show that：Fbr small size clusters，the method can quickly and accurately，it is easy to realize the best records published in the Cambridge cluster database，which indicates that the method is feasible and reliable to predict the cluster structure．Secondly，the efficiency of this method is signi6cantly lower than that of other professional cluster optimization programs for medium and large size clustells，and some results are precocious，which may be attributed to the Windows platform and the unbiased characteristics of the program．The methods for possible improvement are proposed．