The heat generation and themmal management issues of lithium-ion batteries during use have asignificant impaet on their performanee and safety, This paper experimentally investigates the thermalcharacteristies of prismatie lithium-ion batteries.A hybrid power pulse testing method was empleyed to measurethe changes in ohmie resistanee , polarization resistanee, and the eleetromotive foree temperature coeficientunder various ambient temperatures and discharge rates,The study analyzes the elfeets of ambient temperature,discharge rate ,and state of charge( $0C) on the battery’ s performance.Additionally ,a relationship between theinternal heat sourees of the battery and its $OC was fitted, and COMSOL, sotware was used to simulate thetemperature field of the battery under different ambient temperatures and diseharge rutes.The experimentalresults show that both the ohmie and polarization resistanees inerease with rising ambient temperature anddischarge rate ,and the changes in internal resistanee are closely related to the battery’'s state of charge.Thefindings of this study provide a theoretieal basis for battery thermal management and offer valuable insights forfuture battery design and safety evaluation.

Coherenee is an important parameter for deseribing the properties of light fields, Understanding theeoherence of light fields is siguificant for optical applications such as interference measurement, holography.and imaging. However, current physical opties experiments rarely involved the control and measurement ofoptieal eoherenee,This paper designs an experimental setup for controlling and measuring the coherenee of lightbeams,using a highly coherent laser as the light souree,A rtating ground glass is used to reduce theeoherence ,and interference is employed to measure the coherenee of the beam.The output laser is expended bya telescope system , which is consisted of two lenses.A rotating ground glass is placed near the foeal point of theexpansion system,By controlling the distanee between the ground glass and the focal point , the coherenee of thebeam can be elfectively controlled. The interferenee experiment measures the contrast of the fringes tocharacterize the coherence prperties of the beam. "This experimental design is simple, easy to adjust , andstraightforward to implement, Through this experiment, a deeper understanding of the deseription andmeasurement of beam coherence is facilitated.

With the inereasing, demand of energy, the development and utilization of new energy sources havebecome an immediate task, "he performanee of lead sulfide colloidal quantum dot solar cells has always beenimpeded by the interfaee defects of transport layer, Commonly, 1, 2-ethanedithiol ( EDT) serves as the holetransport layer in lead sulfide colloidal quantum dot solar cells, Nevertheless ,the rapid reaction during the ligandexchange process tends to generate cracks in the hole transport layer film, resulting in deereased performanee.Hence , this paper designs experiments by addingethyl acetate to the aeetonitrile solution,efieetively slow downthe ligand exchange rate , preparing high-quality hole transport layer film,This enables students to gain a deeperunderstanding of the significant role of quantum dot materials in the photovoltaie field,and ineorporate seientifieknowledge into undergraduate teaching,enhaneing their thinking and practical abilities.

Using the technique of expanding the window funetion of hard-edge apertures into the superpositionof complex Gaussian funetions , the analytical expressions of the intensity distribution of Gaussian beams passingthrough an ABCD optical system with one-dimensional double-slit hard-edge apertures and Gaussian beamspassing through an ABCD oplieal system with two-dimensional double-slit hand-edge apertures are derived fromCollins diflraetion integral, The propagation distanee B, the aperture width d, and the waist size W of theGaussian beam are adjusted.Then ,the MATlAB software is used to generate the intensity distribution imagesunder different eonditions,The transmission and transformation rules of the Gaussian beam through a double-slithard-edge aperture are analyzed and compared.

The exchange bias effeet has broad application prospeets in spintronie devices sueh as magnetierandom aecess memory and magnetie tunnel juneions.In this paper,a two-dimensional van der Waalsferromagnetie/antiferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2/Fe1/3NbS, heterostrueture device was construeted,and the exchangebias effect of the device was systematically investigated through the anomalous Hall elect measurements.Theresults show that there is an exehange bias effeet at the interaee of the heterostruetures deviee prepared , andthe exchange bias fiehd(HEX) gradually deereases with inereasing temperature,And the blocking temperature is about 40K.In addition ,by changing the thickness of Fe3GeTe2,the exchange bias field in the Fe3GeTe2/Fe1/3 NbS2 heterostructure was modulated ,with a maximum |HEX| of 4000e.The exchange bias field showed a trendof first inereasing and then deereasing with the increase in the thickness of the ferromagnetie layer.

Based on the prineiple of total relleetion ,this study introduees an inventive method for measuringliquid concentration.By employing a specifically designed container to hold the test solution and utilizing amobile phone to eapture the total relleetion of light on the liquid's surface, the criical angle was preciselyobtained.Through this eritical angle and relevant equations , we derived the refractive index and concentrationvalue of the transparent liquid.This experiment not only employs intuitive optical techniques but also integratesmobile soltware, signilieanlly redueing measurement errors, equipment costs and faeilitates operation.F'urthermore ,the broadened seope of this experimental design approach brings optical experiments eloser todaily life,facilitating their widespread adoption and promotion.

The Hall effeet is an important experiment for studying the electrical behavior of curent-carryingconduetors in an external magnetie field. Traditional manual measurement methods are limited by theexperimental accuracy and the operational errors, often resulting in the ineficieney and the insuficientaeeuracy.This study designs and implements an automatic measurement system for the Hall efect experimenthased on the 850 data aequisition deviee , the current sensor ,the Capstone soltware ,and the voltage sensor.Thesystem enables the real-time collection and the processing of experimental data, automatieally plotting therelationship curves between variables such as the Hall voltage, the conductivity voltage,the Hall current , andthe exeitation curent, providing the real-time feedbaek and the data visualization during the experiment.T'hrough the analysis of experimental data ,the key physieal quantities sueh as the Hall coelfieient.the carrierconeentration ,the conductivity ,and the carrier mobility can be further caleulated.This research not only offersan ellicient solution for preeise measurement in the Hall effeet experiment, but also provides an importantreferenee for advancing the reform of physies experimental teaching and the development of informationtechnology in education.

ln order to stimulate students' interest in seientifie research ,eultivate innovative talents ,and closelyfollow the seientifie frontier of nanotechnology, a comprehensive experimental design based on opticalinterference effect and contrast imaging to characterize the layer-number distribution of two-dimensionalmaterials was designed. In the experiment, large-area single-layer graphene films with multi-ayer crystaldomains were selected, images were colleeted by oplical microseope, and the number and distribution ofgraphene layers were analyzed and characterized by optieal contrast imaging.Furthermore , the contrast weightsof the three primary color components are superimposed by the gray value , and the high-resolution contrastimaging ean be achieved with high precision layer number and grain boundary identifieation.The influenee ofoplical interference effect on optical contrast is explored with this example.ln the course of the experiment,students’ understanding of new two-dimensional semiconductor materials and the interierence eleet of lichtwere enhaneed.Students' hands-on ability was eultivated through the operation of optieal mieroscope ,and theirseientifie thinking ability was eultivated through data fiting and analysis.lt integrates the seientifie frontier withthe experimental teaehing, and promoles the innovation, interesls and praelicability of the experiment. lt isbenefeial to cultivate students’ practical ability ,seientife aecomplishment and innovation ability.

ln order to enrich the optical fiber communication experiment projeet , stimulate students’enthusi-asm and initiative for learning , and improve their comprehensive application abilities and scientifie literaey ,OptiSystem soltware has been introduced into the teaching of optical fiber communication experiments,Takingthe Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier( EDFA )experiment as an example, we have designed hasie validationexperiments , eomprehensive application experiments , and exploratory research experiments, and establishedsimulation models using OptiSystem software, Following a design apprach from simple to complex, theexperimental simulations allow students to more intuitively understand the amplifeationperormance of Erbium.Doped Fiber Amplifiers, their applications in optical fiber eommunication systems ,and the factors that affect thegain chamaeteristies of these ampliiers.

This article explores the influence of factors such as the ratio arm value and bridge arm resistance/alue on the sensitivity of the Wheatstone bridge experiment by constructing a simple Nike function. Themalysis shows that the influenee of the ratio arm value on the sensitivity of the bridge depends on theidjustment method of the ratio arm.By adjusting different bridge arm resistanees to change the ratio arm , thenlluenee of the ratio arm on the sensitivity of the bridge is dilrerent: When the ratio arm value is fixed .thereexist a set of bridge arm resistance values that maximizes the sensitivity of the bridge.

A new method for measuring the sound intensity level ( Sll,) using a rotating Rayleigh disk isproposed.The theoretieal analysis of the motion of the disk in a plane wave sound feld is presented ,and thedifferential equation of the disk's rotation is derived.The time-domain and frequeney-domain diagrams of thedisk's rotation angle and the equilibrium position of the disk under different Sll, sound fields are numericallyealeulated, Based on the frequeney domain diagram of the disk's rolation angle ,the Sll and rotation fiequeneyrelationship curve of difkerent parameters Rayleigh disk is obtained.The experimental results of different wirediameter Rayleigh disks are tested , and the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical caleulation,with a relative error of 0.0196-3.0396 between them ,especially in the high Sll, range ,showing higher precision.Compared with the traditional method of measuring the equilibrium position ofthe disk by using a complexoptical system , this method is more convenient and has higher precision.

With the progress of The times and the development of seienee and technology ,the effeet of magneticield on plasma has important applications in many fields, such as magnetie confinement fusion, plasmahrusters , plasma etching and so on.'These applications are based on the control and confinement of the chargedpartieles of the plasma by the magnetie field,and the precise control of the plasma is achieved by adjusting thentensity and distribution of the magnetie field.The eflect of magnetie field on the illuminanee of plasma is aomplicated and interesting problem.lt involves many aspeets such as the restraint and guiding elfect ofnagnetie field on plasma motion ,the special physical effeets such as magnetie botle efeet and the infuenee olnagnelie field intensity on the luminescence characteristies of plasma.Therefore , when studying the influenee ofnagnetie field on plasma illuminanee ,it is necessary to consider these factors comprehensively ,and carry outn-depth experimental and theoretieal analysis.By changing the exeitation current to control the magnetic fieldize and measure the luminous intensity of neon lamp tube,A new type of magnetie field feedbaek alarm deviees made ,and code is written to test the alarm device so as to achieve the purpose of feedback the magnetie fieldhrough the light intensity.The method is through software data processing to assist the experiment to draw aonclusion ,and according to the conelusion ,the magnetie field feedback alarm device is made.

The falling-sphere method for measuring the coefficient of viseosity is a fundamental content inuniversity physies experiments.'This paper presents improvements to the traditional experiment by addressing itsinherent drawbacks : an eleetromagnet is employed to contrl the descent of the sphere , redueing errors eausedby manual operation ;a smart temperature controller is used to eliminate errors due to temperalure variations;and a data processing apprach involving smartphone photography and subsequent importation into Trackersoftware is adopted, mitigating timing inaccuracies resulting from human visual inspection. On this basis ,comparative experiments were conducted using three methods,"Theprecision of these methods, in deseendingorder ,is: 'Tracker method , photoelectrie gate method, and timing method. The relative error of the improvedmethod's experimental results is only 0,4496, with a standard deviation of 0.001 273.These findings indieatethat the experimental method proposed in this paper exhibits high measurement aecuracy and reliability,thereby enhaneing students'understanding of relevant knowledge.

Billiards is a sport full of strategy and skill. During the entire process of a single strke ,the collisionbehween the cue and the white ball, the collision between the white ball and the target ball, as well as theeollision between the white ball and the edge of the table can be approximately regarded as ideal perfectlyelastie collisions. For these three seenarios , ideal physical models for billiards collisions and movements areestablished,Based on physical prineiples such as the momentum theorem, the law of roation, the law ofeonservation of momentum ,and the law of conservation of mechanical energy , this exploration delves into therelationship between the foree applied when the cue strikes the white ball, the angle of collision between thewhite ball and the target ball, and the final orientation of the white ball, and conduct analysis to providetheoretical referenee for improving hiting efieieney.By using the example of billiards collision molion ,studentscan gain a deeper understanding of physical laws and their applications ,and stimulate their interest in learningand innovative thinking.

The half-wave loss of light has an important efleet on the intererence pattern.Taking [loyd mirrorinterferenee and Newton ring equal-thickness interference as examples , the direetion of the electrie veetor of therelleeted light at the dieleetrie separation interface is explored, and the phenomenon of half-wave loss occurringin the interference device is analyzed. Based on the Python language, the fringe patterns of lloyd mirrorinterferenee and Newton ring equal-thiekness interferenee under different conditions are simulated , and theelfeet of the presenee or absenee of half-.wave loss on the interference fringes is demonstrated comparatively ina Newton ring device. The integration of computer programming language into theoretieal and experimentalteaching,and the visualization of theoretical formulas and experimental data can help to improve the teachingelfeet , deepen students’ understanding of the basie principles,and stimulate their innovative thinking.

ln this paper , the performance of the audio power amplifier l_M386 is tested by using the ST3020 testsystem.Firstly ,the working prineiple and key performanee parameters of LM386 are brielly introdueed ,and themeasurement methods of core perormanee indieators sueh as quieseent current , input bias current , inputresistanee , voltage gain , power supply rejeetion ratio , and total harmonie distortion are emphatically diseussed.Through the test resulis, the high elicieney and accuraey of the ST3020 system in the audio power amplifiertest are verified, and the perforance evaluation and quality control of the audio amplifier are reliablysupported.This study provides an important reference for the application of automated testing technology inaudio equipment testing.

On the basis of the experimental device for measuring the moment of ineria of rigid body using thefalling body method , two magnets are installed.The " magnetometer" option in the mobile phone Phyphoxsoftware is used to measure the data of the magnetic field variation over time when the stage rotates.Based onthis data, determine the change in the angle of rotation of the stage over time and caleulate the angularaeceleration of the stage , thereby caleulating the system's moment of inertia.The relative error of the moment ofinertia measured by this method for dise , ring, and eylindrical specimens is less than 19, Through wirelessnetworks , mobile phones and computers can be intereonnected ,and experimental data can be displayed in real-time in the form of charts on the computer desktop,making the experimental process more intuitive.

This research foeuses on the measurement of heat engine elficieney ,aiming to provide innovativeideas and methods for self-designed experiments in college physies, By elaborately designing an irmprovedStirling heat engine and establishing a new STM32-'Tracker experimental system , precise real-time data ofpressure and volume during the aetual working prcess of the Stirling heat engine were achieved.Using thissystem , the pressure-volume( p-V ) diagram of the cyele process was drawn ,and the thenal eficieney of theheat engine was deeply explored with the help of data processing software."The study found that the improvedheat engine showed signifieant performanee improvement after adding regenerative steel wires,The inerease inthe mass of theregenerative steel wires not only aceelerated the rtational speed of the heat engine but alsosignificantly shortened the variation periods of pressure and volume. Particularly, the efficieney of the heatengine signifieantly inereased with, the inerease in the mass of the regenerative sleel wires,This achievementfully demonstrates that the regenerative steel wires play a key role similar to a regenerator in the workingprocess of the heat engine , effeetively improving the energy conversion eflicieney of the heat engine. Thisexperimental system has signifieant advantages of low cost and simple operation, which helps stimulatestudents’ strong interest in physies experiments, deepens students'understanding and applieation ability ofknowledge related to heat engines , provides certain referenee value for college physies experiment teaching andheat engine research , and has important guiding significance for the development of designed experiments.

The abstraet and complex nature of relativity and gravitaional waves makes their comprehensionquite challenging for students.A visualization-based teaching method utilizing the numerical relativity sofwareEinstein 'Toolkit can eliectively assist in the teaching of relativity and gravitational waves, By simulating thebinary black hole merger process and demonstrating the resulting gravitational waves , this approach significanthenhances students’ comprehension of complex physical concepts, boosts their enthusiasm for learning, andstimulates a spirit of seientifie inquiry,The high-preeision numerical simulations provided by Einstein Toolkiallow students to intuitively observe the dynamie changes in binary black hole mergers and the generation ofgravitationalwaves ,thereby fostering their scientifie literaey and practical skills.

This paper first summarizes the improvement of the structure of the speetrometer,which reduces thedamage rate of each component, and improves the maintenance eficieney of the instrument and the accuraey ofdata reading.This paper further introduces the researeh and development of dual-optical spectrometer and itsdigital teaching system, which not only improves the effieieney of teachers’experimental guidanee, but alsoimproves the teaching quality of the spectrometer platform as a whole, and provides references for theimprovement of teaching quality in the field of spectrometer and other experimental practice fields.