Billiards is a sport full of strategy and skill. During the entire process of a single strke ,the collisionbehween the cue and the white ball, the collision between the white ball and the target ball, as well as theeollision between the white ball and the edge of the table can be approximately regarded as ideal perfectlyelastie collisions. For these three seenarios , ideal physical models for billiards collisions and movements areestablished,Based on physical prineiples such as the momentum theorem, the law of roation, the law ofeonservation of momentum ,and the law of conservation of mechanical energy , this exploration delves into therelationship between the foree applied when the cue strikes the white ball, the angle of collision between thewhite ball and the target ball, and the final orientation of the white ball, and conduct analysis to providetheoretical referenee for improving hiting efieieney.By using the example of billiards collision molion ,studentscan gain a deeper understanding of physical laws and their applications ,and stimulate their interest in learningand innovative thinking.

On the basis of the experimental device for measuring the moment of ineria of rigid body using thefalling body method , two magnets are installed.The " magnetometer" option in the mobile phone Phyphoxsoftware is used to measure the data of the magnetic field variation over time when the stage rotates.Based onthis data, determine the change in the angle of rotation of the stage over time and caleulate the angularaeceleration of the stage , thereby caleulating the system's moment of inertia.The relative error of the moment ofinertia measured by this method for dise , ring, and eylindrical specimens is less than 19, Through wirelessnetworks , mobile phones and computers can be intereonnected ,and experimental data can be displayed in real-time in the form of charts on the computer desktop,making the experimental process more intuitive.

This article explores the influence of factors such as the ratio arm value and bridge arm resistance/alue on the sensitivity of the Wheatstone bridge experiment by constructing a simple Nike function. Themalysis shows that the influenee of the ratio arm value on the sensitivity of the bridge depends on theidjustment method of the ratio arm.By adjusting different bridge arm resistanees to change the ratio arm , thenlluenee of the ratio arm on the sensitivity of the bridge is dilrerent: When the ratio arm value is fixed .thereexist a set of bridge arm resistance values that maximizes the sensitivity of the bridge.

The half-wave loss of light has an important efleet on the intererence pattern.Taking [loyd mirrorinterferenee and Newton ring equal-thickness interference as examples , the direetion of the electrie veetor of therelleeted light at the dieleetrie separation interface is explored, and the phenomenon of half-wave loss occurringin the interference device is analyzed. Based on the Python language, the fringe patterns of lloyd mirrorinterferenee and Newton ring equal-thiekness interferenee under different conditions are simulated , and theelfeet of the presenee or absenee of half-.wave loss on the interference fringes is demonstrated comparatively ina Newton ring device. The integration of computer programming language into theoretieal and experimentalteaching,and the visualization of theoretical formulas and experimental data can help to improve the teachingelfeet , deepen students’ understanding of the basie principles,and stimulate their innovative thinking.

As an important part of modern transportation system, intelligent logisties car is gradually changingthe traditional logisties mode by virtue of its elicient and aecurate operation characteristies.In this study , anintelligent logisties vehicle design scheme based on ST'M32 is proposed. K210 vision processing module iscombined with deep learning algorithm to realize the identification , grasping and eficient handling of objeets bycontrolling the rbot arm, which has the advantages of low cost, low energy consumption and high accuraey, andhas certain researeh value for the development of modern intelligent logistics industry.

The refractive index of liquid is measured by combining the capillary phenomenon and theMichelson interference principle. Firstly, the relational expression between the speed at which the interferencefringes swallow (or spit out) and the refractive index of the liquid was deduced.In the experiment, a videorecording the changes of the interference fringes swallowing (or spitting out) when the liquid flowed out throughthe capillary tube was made.A Matlab program was written to proeess the data of the video to obtain the speed,and then this speed was substituted into the relational expression to caleulate the relractive index of the liquid.The relative error of the experimental result was 0.76%6,Thus, convenient, fast and accurate measurement of therefractive index of liquid was achieved.

Smartphones with built -in sensors and applications are being used as measurement tools in physiesexperiments and teaching.In this paper, the pressure sensor of a smartphone with a physical experimentapplication is used to measure the gas pressure at different depths in the swimming pool, and the localgravitational aceeleration is ealeulated by $tevin's Law,which is simple and feasible and has high measuremenaeeuracy.The experimental method is simple and feasible, and the measurement accuraey is high,.Carrying outphysies experiments and teaching based on smartphones can help stimulate students*interest in learning.reduce experimental costs , expand the experimental site , popularize physies knowledge, and improve scientificliteraey.

The Hall effeet is an important experiment for studying the electrical behavior of curent-carryingconduetors in an external magnetie field. Traditional manual measurement methods are limited by theexperimental accuracy and the operational errors, often resulting in the ineficieney and the insuficientaeeuracy.This study designs and implements an automatic measurement system for the Hall efect experimenthased on the 850 data aequisition deviee , the current sensor ,the Capstone soltware ,and the voltage sensor.Thesystem enables the real-time collection and the processing of experimental data, automatieally plotting therelationship curves between variables such as the Hall voltage, the conductivity voltage,the Hall current , andthe exeitation curent, providing the real-time feedbaek and the data visualization during the experiment.T'hrough the analysis of experimental data ,the key physieal quantities sueh as the Hall coelfieient.the carrierconeentration ,the conductivity ,and the carrier mobility can be further caleulated.This research not only offersan ellicient solution for preeise measurement in the Hall effeet experiment, but also provides an importantreferenee for advancing the reform of physies experimental teaching and the development of informationtechnology in education.

By measuring the refractive index of a solution at various temperatures, the relationship between itsoptical properties and temperature can be better understood."The Michelson interferometer, a precision opticameasurement tool, is widely used to measure refractive index. However, traditional Michelson intererometersrequire manual reading, which introduees subjeetivity and reduees aecuraey,ln this study, we designed andbuilt a Michelson interferometer system with intelligent reading capabilities to measure the refractive index ofdistilled water and a696 sodium chloride solution at different temperatures.During the experiment, the liquid tobe measured is placed in one optieal path of the interferometer, while the other path serves as a referenee,Aheating rod and temperature sensor are placed in the solution to heat it to the target temperature,The refractiveindex is then caleulated based on the changes in the interference fringes. Additionally, this study utilizes0penCV-based image proeessing technology to develop a prgram that allows the computer to automaticallydetect the image and caleulate the refraetive index at each temperature,This is done using a known referencefor refractive index and its relationship with temperature, and the corresponding data is presented in graphicalform for visual clarity,The experimental results demonstrate the system's effectiveness and highlight its potentialfor aecurate refractive index measurement in solutions.

Coherenee is an important parameter for deseribing the properties of light fields, Understanding theeoherence of light fields is siguificant for optical applications such as interference measurement, holography.and imaging. However, current physical opties experiments rarely involved the control and measurement ofoptieal eoherenee,This paper designs an experimental setup for controlling and measuring the coherenee of lightbeams,using a highly coherent laser as the light souree,A rtating ground glass is used to reduce theeoherence ,and interference is employed to measure the coherenee of the beam.The output laser is expended bya telescope system , which is consisted of two lenses.A rotating ground glass is placed near the foeal point of theexpansion system,By controlling the distanee between the ground glass and the focal point , the coherenee of thebeam can be elfectively controlled. The interferenee experiment measures the contrast of the fringes tocharacterize the coherence prperties of the beam. "This experimental design is simple, easy to adjust , andstraightforward to implement, Through this experiment, a deeper understanding of the deseription andmeasurement of beam coherence is facilitated.