The influence of pulse width，phase，and Coulomb potential on the holographic interference structure in the photoelectron momentum distribution from Xe atoms is investigated using the quantum Monte Carlo method under a linearly polarized laser pulse．The results show that the interference structure gradually appears with the increase of pulse width，and a complete spider-like holographic interference structure is formed when the pulse width is an optical cycle．The spider-like structure is sensitive to the phase，and the holographic interference fringes can disappear and reappear by adjusting the phase，and the photoelectron momentum distribution with phase difference π is inversion symmetry．In addition，it is proved that the Coulomb potential mainly affects the formation of the holographic interference structure． When the Coulomb potential is not considered，the holographic interference structure disappears and only the double-slit interference structure appears．This result provides an effective means for experimentally regulating interference fringes，which is beneficial for extracting ultrafast electron dynamics information．

To enrich the content of university experiment teaching，a new micro-angle measurement method is proposed．The method uses laser self-mixing interference technology and combines the optical characteristics of right-angle prisms，which get the features of a compact system structure and high resolution．The experiment is conducted with a He-Ne laser as the light source，and the measurement range can reach 21.49 mrad．Benefiting from strong operability and expansibility，the proposed experiment can further cultivate students’practical ability and scientific thinking．

Driven by the “ability to solve complex engineering problems” of engineering education certification，the content and mode of the topic selection of electronic science integrated design course in universities are constantly reformed and innovated．Lithium-ion battery technology is the representative of the current new energy scientific and technological revolution．It has multiple characteristics of interdisciplinary and comprehensive，and meets complex engineering problems． It discusses the feasibility and effectiveness of including lithium-ion battery technology into the comprehensive design course of electronic of science，and

summarizes the specific implementation plan of comprehensive experimental design of lithium-ion battery，which lays a foundation for improving students’ability to solve complex engineering problems and training composite innovative college students．

After the COVID-19 pandemic，online teaching has become an integral part of the education sector．With the advent of the post-pandemic era，the integration of education and information technology has become even closer，making online teaching an indispensable component．Both online education and traditional offline teaching have unique advantages，and the integration of these two modes into a blended teaching approach presents new opportunities for education．Therefore，it takes“New Energy Materials Preparation Experiment”as an example to explore and research the blended online and offline teaching mode for experimental courses．Addressing issues such as students’insufficient understanding and low motivation，this study uses the self-assembly of flexible self-supporting MoS 2 /CNTs composite films as an illustrative example．By fully leveraging the advantages of blended online and offline teaching，it aims to enhance the educational quality and accessibility of experimental courses，providing students with a more enriching learning experience． This research also offers novel perspectives and insights for the future educational reforms in“New Energy Materials Preparation Experiment”．

A plasmon Fabry-Pérot (F-P)cavity，composed of the silver nanowire pairs and gold film，is prepared using the bottom-up nanofabrication process． Combing the dark-field scattering spectroscopy and numerical simulation，it is revealed that the surface plasmon polariton propagating on the metal surface is multi-reflected by the nanowires，rendering a standing wave in the cavity and a multi-beam interference modulated spectral line-shape．Furthermore，the refractive indices of glycerol solutions with different concentrations are measured using the F-P cavity，suggesting a linear redshift law of the cavity resonant wavelength with increasing of the refractive index of the solution．Finally，by tuning the length of the F-P cavity，the highest detection sensitivity of 555 nm/ＲIU is derived．

Concentration is one of the important parameters of the solution．An on-line measurement system of the solution concentration/refractive index was designed based on the rotating cuvette and Michelson interferometer．Adding the resolution in the cuvette and rotating the cuvette 5°，the number of moving fringes was measured by the intensity curve imaged by CCD and the counting program，and the refractive index and concentration of the solution could be measured，respectively．Taking the NaCl solution with concentration of 0，10% and 20% into consideration，the relative error as compared with the theoretical value is only 0．61%，0．63% and 2．2%，respectively． Meanwhile，the glucose solution curve between the refractive index and concentration presents good linearity and high reliability． The online system measurement of solution concentration/refractive index based on Michelson interferometer has the characteristics of simple design，reliable results，high efficiency and practicality．

The experimental system is built with the Michelson interferometer as the core equipment，and the debugging scheme of double light source optical interference fringes is proposed． The image processing technology based on Python is introduced to analyze the coincidence degree between the reference pattern and the adjustment pattern to judge the adjustment boundary，which realizes the accurate measurement of film thickness． Experiments were conducted using soap film as a sample，and the results showed that the experimental scheme had good operability and repeatability，improved measurement accuracy compared to visual estimation algorithms，and provided a solution for non-destructive measurement of liquid film thickness．It can also be introduced into university physics experiments to enhance students’research and innovation

abilities．

The purpose is to discuss the influence of the value of the power supply voltage on the measurement of the internal resistance of the modified meter when the replacement method is used to measure the internal resistance of the meter in the experiment of the meter modification． Through theoretical calculation and experimental research，we found that the essential reason for the increase in measurement error caused by large power supply voltage is that the protection resistance accounts for too high a proportion of the resistance of the whole circuit．The research results of this paper provide an improvement direction for improving the accuracy of resistance measurement by substitution method．

Electromagnetic wave pollution has become a hidden danger to information security and human health．Microwave absorption materials are considered to be one of the most feasible measures to solve the problemof electromagnetic wave pollution． The graphene/barium ferrite nanocomposites were prepared by hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffractometer，scanning electron microscope，vibrating sample magnetometer and vector network analyzer．The results reveal that when the thickness of the composite is 2 mm，the effective bandwidth can reach 6.8 GHz．When the frequency is 12.64 GHz，the minimum reflection loss is-41.66 dB． Through the comprehensive experimental design，the absorbing mechanism of nano-composite materials is studied from the experimental point of view，which is helpful to improve students’interest in scientific research and inspire students’innovative thinking．

Wireless power transmission is a technology that can transmit electric energy between electric source and load without any physical contact．With the gradual popularization of this technology，magnetically coupled resonant radio energy transmission has come into people’s view due to its high efficiency of medium and short distance transmission．A research device is designed and made based on the principle of magnetic coupling resonance．Firstly，the relationship between energy distribution and coil distance and angle under the condition of magnetic coupling resonance is analyzed，and the image of energy distribution rule in space is obtained based on the above relationship．

Porous silicon nitride ceramics were prepared by hot pressing process at low temperature using CaF2 as a sintering agent fora-Si₃N₄ powder．The effects of the content of sintering additives on the apparent porosity and bending strength of porous silicon nitride ceramics were studied，the composition of the materials and the fracture structure were analyzed． The results show that under the conditions of temperature 1450 ℃ and pressure 0.55T，when the addition of CaF2 is 6.0 wt%，the performance of porous Si 3 N 4 ceramics is excellent，the porosity of porous Si3N4 ceramics is 38．8%，the phase transition degree of a-Si₃N₄→β-Si₃N₄ is 38．5%，and the bending strength is 137.1 MPa．

As an interesting nonlinear optical effect，four-wave mixing has important applications in many fields．The magnet-free optical non-reciprocity is realized by using the four-wave mixing effect．The effects of signal optical detuning，pump optical power and gas pool temperature on the transmittance of signal light during forward and backward propagation are investigated．The experimental results show that the forward transmittance can be controlled effectively by changing these parameters，while the very low reverse transmittance is almost unaffected．It has a certain reference value for college physics experiment teaching．

Hall effect is an important physical effect，which can be used in sensor measurement，information processing and other fields．Measuring magnetic induction intensity based on Hall effect is also one of the college physics experiments offered by university of engineering． Starting from the discovery and historical development of Hall effect，it introduces the measuring principles of magnetic induction intensity，carrier density and mobility，further expands and introduces the frontier scientific research — optical field controlling Hall effect and its dynamiceVolution process．The teaching content has gone from simple to profound，from ancient times to the present，which can trigger students’thinking，broaden their horizons，make students having a comprehensive understanding of Hall effect，and lay a foundation for cultivating leading talents who pursue excellence and lead the future．

The traditional method of using three-phase alternating current to generate rotating magnetic field in teaching and demonstration instruments has many problems，such as high loss of instruments，potential safety hazards and high cost．A kind of frequency adjustable rotating magnetic field generation device is designed．Low voltage direct current is fed into the four radial horizontal solenoids with iron core，and the current reversal is controlled by programming the PLC board．At the same time，alter the reversal time can make the deflection cycle of the small magnetic needle placed in the center of the device change，so as to achieve the effect of frequency modulation． When single-phase constant direct current is passed through the solenoid，the small magnetic needle does not rotate;when the biphasic rectangular pulse current is passed through，the small magnetic needle rotates 45° per each step．The rotation speed of magnetic field depends on the frequency of current commutation．The device not only avoids the shortcomings of traditional methods，but also has functions of both qualitative demonstration and quantitative measurement．It can be used as an experimental teaching instrument with excellent performance．

A three-dimensional thermal imaging based electromagnetic driven fire extinguishing technology is designed to address the shortcomings of existing fire extinguishing technologies that still require manual operation and have long delays，low accuracy，and are only suitable for open fire environments．This design can determine the optimal fire extinguishing point in the current area through data interpolation and three- dimensional imaging principles，and use electromagnetic cannon driving to vertically hit the optimal fire extinguishing point，achieving dual efficiency in time occupation and fire extinguishing function．It has certain application value for the current intelligent field of fire extinguishing shells and potential fire prevention．

At present，the number of shared bicycles has reached hundreds of millions，which brings safety risks while facilitating people’s lives． People travel at night because there is no light source to provide illumination，which is very likely to cause traffic danger．The safety of night-time driving of shared bicycles has become a serious issue in the use of shared bicycles．Based on the above problems，the bicycle self-powered lighting device is designed，which converts part of the mechanical energy of people during riding into electric energy as a source of energy for nighttime illumination，providing energy for nighttime driving illumination．And it can also charge electronic devices，while through the STM32 microcontroller to achieve real-time display of user name，speed，battery power and other information．This is important for the popularity of shared bicycles and the safety and convenience of people’s daily lives．

Using smartphones to explore the physical laws of musical instruments is both interesting and scientific．In order to explore the vibration law of guitar strings，it designs an experimental scheme based on smartphones and mobile applications (Phyphox)． By quantitatively measuring the distance，diameter and vibration frequency of guitar strings，the experimental results confirm the vibration law of guitar strings，and the results show that the method is highly feasible and effective．The research is helpful to understand the physical law of guitar string vibration and the principle of guitar sound．The research project reflects the idea of“from

life to physics，from physics to society”．

Developing physics teaching resources with computer softwares is an important content in the field of contemporary physics teaching．Physics teachers in the new era should master modern computer tools，making them sharp weapons for physics teaching reform and innovation．As an example，it accurately and dynamically simulates several typical wave phenomena in classical physics with the software Mathematica．The series of animations developed in the study are vivid and intuitive，and thus very helpful for learners to establish clear physics images，expand their knowledge of the wave phenomena and deepen their understandings of relevant wave laws，adding rich and colorful teaching resources to physics courses．On the other hand，this study also fully demonstrates the powerful capability and broad application prospect of the software Mathematica in the development of physics teaching resources．

In order to solve the challenges faced by magnetic resonance experimental teaching in medical imaging technology or intelligent medical imaging engineering，a basic simulation experimental platform for pulse magnetic resonance was built based on numerical simulation technology． This platform can achieve functions such as nuclear magnetic resonance signal detection，indirect measurement of magnetic field strength，measurement and adjustment of magnetic field uniformity，determination of ＲF pulse angle，etc．The platform supports arbitrary parameter setting and adjustment，dynamic signal acquisition and display，rapid spectrum generation and reading，sampling stop and information prompt．The virtual simulation experimental platform is easy to operate，flexible and controllable，and supports online operation of multiple terminals．It provides students with resources that can be learned everywhere and constantly for learning physical principles and observing physical phenomena，helping them understand abstract physical principles and enhancing the effectiveness of experimental teaching．

Zeeman effect experiment (ZEE)，the electron charge-mass ratio was calculated by measuring the wavelength differences of the split mercury-green spectral lines in a magnetic field． In the computer-aided Zeeman effect experiment (ZEE)，the Fabry-Perot etalon (F-P)isoclinic interference image was collected to the computer by using CCD image acquisition card;and then by using the ZEE analysis software，the image was processed，the wavelength differences of the split light spectral lines were measured，the electron charge-mass ratio was calculated． In the virtual simulation ZEE，the whole process simulation of ZEE，from instruments placing，debugging，to the measuring and data processing，was realized with the help of the virtual simulation experiment system provided by Keda Aorui Science and Technology Ltd．The computer-aided ZEE overcomes many shortcomings of manual measurement in the past，but it has not solved all the defects and brings some new problems．The virtual simulation edition of ZEE has almost solved all the problems encountered in the traditional ZEE．As long as the necessary steps are in place，ideal experimental results can be obtained．Through the research and analysis，it is deeply recognized that the two experimental methods cannot completely replace each other，but can serve as beneficial supplements．

Many parameters can be adjusted in light interference and diffraction phenomena which have rich phenomena．In order to better understand the relevant optical phenomena，visual analysis based on computer language is a very effective research method．Taking Yang’s double-slit interference and Fraunhofer single-slit diffraction experiment as examples，the relevant experimental phenomena are simulated by Python language， and then the experimental phenomena under different incident wavelength，different double-slit spacing，and different single-slit sizes are analyzed．The results show that the Python language has the advantages of intuitive image，simple operation，flexible and adjustable parameters，which provides useful support for the learning of relevant optical knowledge．

Under the perspective of“Curriculum Ideology and Politics”，petroleum spirit is a unique cultural spirit advocated by China’s petroleum industry．Integrating petroleum spirit into university physics experiment course is helpful to cultivate students’spirit of innovation，teamwork and truth-seeking． It analyzes the limitations of college physics experiment courses，combines the value and significance of petroleum spirit，puts forward a series of methods and strategies to integrate petroleum spirit into college physics experiment courses effectively，realizes the combination of teaching research and practice extension，strengthens the teaching quality of college physics experiment courses，and improves students’comprehensive hands-on and innovative abilities．It is of great significance to promote the reform of university physics experiment teaching．

Making students understand the uncertainty of measurements is an important pedagogical goal of university physics experiments． In the introductory college physics laboratory course，two versions of the teaching approach are prepared:namely，with and without graphical presentation of measurement data．At the end of the course，students were tested to investigate whether the graphical presentation of data improves students’ understanding of uncertainty． The results showed that students in classes with graphical representations scored higher than students in classes without graphical representations． Graphical representations help visualize data and reduce the cognitive load on students when performing analysis of measurement data，and therefore should be actively promoted for use in teaching．

In order to promote the deep integration of information technology and experimental teaching，the open experimental teaching and management mode was effectively operated，and the experimental teaching management system based on B/S architecture was designed and developed．The system consists of two parts: the front end and the back end．The back end is written in JAVA language，and MySQL is used as the database management system．The front end is developed by JavaScript language．Based on Html5 and Css3 technology， interactive pages and visual effects are built．Users can directly access the browser and WeChat．The realization of the system fully exerts the role of smart phones in open teaching and management，and improves the management quality and level of open teaching．

College Physics is an important public compulsory course for students majoring in science and engineering． In order to meet the needs of training high-level applied talents and the goal of curriculum education，this course carries out the reform of wisdom teaching mode，and on this basis，explores and tries to explore the ideology and politics of college physics course．It takes“entropy increase principle”as an example to explore the teaching design of college physics course on the ideological and political dimension under the intelligent teaching reform．

Under the background of the popularization of higher education，the physics experimental course of China University of Mining and Technology introduces virtual simulation experiments，home-physics experiments and inquiry-based experiments，in addtion to classical physics experiments，to achieve diversified experimental teaching content，and carries out teaching mode reform and exploration for specific experiments，and realizes the diversification of teaching modes．It meets the diverse experimental course needs of different types of students．

By analyzing the profound connotation and importance of the integration of innovation and entrepreneurship education and professional education in physics，we explore the path of deep integration between the two，which is reflected in four aspects ideological understanding is the premise，classroom teaching is the foundation，practical teaching is the expansion，and professional teachers are the guarantee． Through gradual and continuous improvement in these areas，we aim to improve the vocational skills of normal school students，enhance the teaching effectiveness of innovation and entrepreneurship education，and further promote the deepening and development of professional quality education reform．