In order to meet the future development trend of “ low-carbonand “ greenenergy ，theexperimental equipment was built to investigate the gravitational energy storage and discharge and the relatedfactors affecting its efficiency.The experimental results show that the efficiency of gravitational energy storageand discharge has the best peak value for a certain weight mass and supply voltage.The experimental setup issimple in structure, easy to build, and suitable for conducting research on gravitational energy storage anddischarge.

According to the principle of single slit diffraction, a device for measuring magnetostrictioncoeficient was devised by processing the diffraction images collected by high-definition camera using Digitamage Processing method.Then the device was used to accurately measure magnetostriction coefficient ofTbDyFe alloy in a weak magnetic field.The device has the characteristics of simple measurement method,highaccuracy and quick measurement.

The transparent liquid concentration is measured using the cascade long period fiber grating.Thegrating is fully immersed in the liquid tank ,and the effect of the liquid concentration on the resonance waves ofthe cascade fiber grating is investigated by injecting solutions of different concentrations into the liquid tank.Weshow a linear relationship between the resonant wave offset and the solution concentration.Therefore ,the liquidunknown concentration can be calculated by the resonant wave offset, Thus, the liquid concentration ismeasured.The experiment is easy to operate and convenient to measure ,which is suitable for popularization andapplication in modern university physics experiment teaching.

The measurement of metal electron escape work is equivalent to determining electron potentiaenergy, which is of great significance for understanding the microscopic atomic structure , especially formodifying the relevant nuclear structure theory and calculation methods.The process of escape work experimentskillfully combines the relationship between various energy levels of metal tungsten crystal cells.lt flexibly usesthe characteristics of linear fitting to simplify the data relationship, which plays a guiding role in the study ofmodern physics experiments. Because of the differences in the escape work measured by differentexperimenters,the escape work is likely related to the crystal plane of tungsten used in the experiment.Therefore ,based on the first principle , the electron escape work of tungsten with different crystal planes canalso be calculated directly.We will compare the metal electron escape work obtained by experimental operationand first-principles calculation, and intuitively analyze the influence of different crvstals on metal electronescape work to provide new ideas and ways to study physical experiments.

The gap between fundamental knowledge learning and their comprehensive application is always achallenge in the undergraduate teaching of basic physics.The phenomenon of femtosecond laser filamentationcaused by the combination of air self-focusing and plasma defocusing effects is a hot topic in the study of strongaser nonlinear optics.n order to cultivate students’ability of practical and comprehensive application of basic

Reasonable design of multilayer film system for quartz optical substrate is the key method to improvethe transmittance of optical devices. We designed two different film structures and analyzed the designprinciples of these two systems via admittance loci method.The optical thin film design software Filmstar is usedto obtain the optimal solution of the two film systems respectively ,so that the average transmittance of the filmsystem in the visible region is as close as possible to 100%.

The dynamic mathematical model of oil droplet falling in Millikan oil droplet experiment isestablished,and it is explained that the oil droplet can be regarded as the " rationality’of uniform velocity atthe beginning of falling.At the same time ,the physical meaning of the air viscosity coefficient correction factorb’is explained from the perspective of microscopic molecular collision.Finally, three experimental dataprocessing methods, direct substitution formula method, modified R formula method and iterative operationmethod,are used to calculate the element charge value, and the conclusion that the data obtained by theterative operation method is more stable and the error is small is obtained.

There have been many studies on the evaluation of the uncertainty of the focal length of convex lensand the methods to reduce the experimental error.lt focuses on how to correctly select the appropriate focallength and aperture diameter of convex lens to reduce the experimental error,puts forward the important factorcausing the experimental error-the relationship between the focal depth and the lens parameters , and studies theinfluence of paraxial light on the experimental error.The research results provide a new way to reduce theexperimental error,and further study the law of lens imaging.

Experimental researches on the physical characteristics of rotating liquid are required for collegestudents in the 2lst century.Due to the short of experimental skills ,students usually have experimental errors irthe process of experimental operation, which can affect the measurement accuracies of the gravitationalacceleration in the data processing phase.lt innovatively carried out different types of experimental errors tostudy effects of the deviation angle(a) of the transparent screen from the horizontal orientation , laser verticalincidence point offset( Ax) ,and deviation angle(y) of laser incident light from the vertical direction angle onthe acceleration of gravity measurement.The analysis results show that a deviation angle of 5° of the transparentscreen from the horizontal orientation can lead to a 5.5% error in the acceleration of gravity measurement.Aaser vertical incidence point offset about 5 mm can result in an experimental error of about 12%.Moreover,a16.3% measurement error can be obtained by an incident light deviating 5° from the vertical direction to theleft while the error grows to 22.9% when the laser incident light deviates 5° from the vertical direction to theright. These findings can provide theoretical foundations and teaching tips for teachers in colleges anduniversities to reduce the measurement error of gravity acceleration when guiding students to conductexperiments on rotating liquid characteristics.

Synchronous and asynchronous vibrations of their flames can be observed with two identical burningcandles at a proper distanceIn order to explore the cause of candle flame vibration,a reflective schlieren lightpath was built to realize the visual observation of candle flame airflow field.With the approach of two candles.the airflow field above the double candle flame will transition from the uncoupled advection state to the coupledturbulent state ,and the downward diffusion of the turbulent region to the flame region is the reason for theflame vibration.The asymmetric fluctuation of flame volume during combustion leads to the switching betweensynchronous and asynchronous oscillation of oscillating flame; During the combustion process , the stability otthe air flow around the flame will lead to the decoupling of the two oscillating flames ,the turbulent layer willrise and leave the flame ,and the flame will resume stable combustion.

The electrical measurement of micro deformation is a comprehensive and innovative experiment witunique characteristics in the college physics experiment of our university.The micro deformation of cantileveleam is transformed into the change in resistance through the strain gauge, so as to realize the electricameasurement of micro deformation.lt combines the national major needs and engineering problems contained inthe experiment,takes the design and development of China's aviation large aircraft and aircraft carrier speciasteel as examples.Thus, the ideological and political content of course is integrated, which stimulates the students’ enthusiasm for learning and patriotism.So ,students’comprehensive quality can be cultivated.At thesame time ,it also has a certain guiding significance and practical value for the teaching and research of collegephysics experiments.

Resistance therma noise measurement needs to shield the environmental noise interference from themeasurement.Through remote measurement of noise with a frequency sweep mode,it is found that there wasobvious characteristics of environmental noise higher in strength than the thermal noise in the teachinglaboratory even nobody was there.On the other hand,the thermal couples local near the resistor to measure itstemperature can introduce environmental noise to the measurement even it was in the shutdown state.Therefore ,a sample box with capacities of high noise-shielding and temperature-measurement of the resistor atthe same time becomes the key to the resistance thermal noise measurement at variable temperatures.Combinedwith the A-B common mode input of a lock-in amplifier and the input bandwidth correction ,a sample box withthe thermal couple outside the shielding box but with good thermal contact with the resistor is developed forteaching experiment,which produces desired result.

The innovative experiment teaching can be developed on the basis of scientific research subject.Herein,a hot point of scientific research is integrated into the innovative experimental project of collegestudents,and the localized surface scattering spectra of plasmonic dimer is taken as an example.The spectraproperties of local surface plasmon resonance and surface enhanced Raman scattering corresponding to different nano structures are studied in this experiment.By combining innovative research with experimental teaching,thenterest in scientiic research and the awareness of interdisciplinary for students have been stimulated anostrengthened ,and their innovative thinking and scientific research accomplishment have also been improved.

The law of color mixing and addition is the basis of all color matching, and the objects’ colordifference generated by different light sources plays an important role in light source colorimetry.We used athree-color laser to produce a white color beam with the same energy ,and found that the mixed color variedwith the luminous flux of any of the lasers, which verified the Galassmann's color mixing law.At the sameime ,an experiment was designed to show the changes of the three slimuli and chromaticity coordinates of thesame object under the changes of the illumination of different light sources, which verified the relationshipbetween the object color and the light source color

The sensitivity of Wheatstone bridge is a major factor affecting the accuracy of resistancemeasurement.The relationships between the sensitivity of Wheatstone bridge and power supply electromotiveforce ,bridge arm resistance and bridge arm ratio are explored. Theoretical analysis shows that, when the totalcurent of the circuit remains constant, the larger the bridge arm ratio, the lower the Wheatstone bridgesensitivity and the lower the resistance measurement accuracy.ln addition,when the bridge arm ratio remains unchanged and the total current of the circuit is small,the greater the total current,the higher the Wheatstonebridge sensitivity and the higher the resistance measurement accuracy.The experimentally measured dalaconfirms the conclusions obtained from the theoretical analysis.

ln physics, the process of coupling laser beams into a Fabry-Perot( FP) cavity is described asimposing boundary condition on the traveling optical field.Thereby ,the output optical beams become a series ofdiscrete laser modes from the F resonator. In general, laser modes are categorized into transverse andlongitudinal( or axial) eigenmodes.In order to provide a more intuitive understanding of the boundary-yalueproblem about the laser beam propagation inside the FP resonator, we describe in detail a physics lab coursefor the study of laser modes from a FP cavity for undergraduates at the School of Physics , Huazhong Universityof Science and Technology.To fully characterize the laser modes from a FP resonator, three experiments as aseries are designed,including:(1) a study of transverse mode from the PP cavity through the measurement ofbeam waist of the fundamental mode; ( 2) the measurement of free spectral range to characterize thelongitudinal modes;and(3) two independent methods to measure the FP cavity linewidth and cavity finesse forthe longitudinal mode characterization using the transmitted signal and the reflected PDH signal.The intendedaudience includes both undergraduates who have studied Optics , Lasers , Optoelectronics and other related courses , and researchers pursing a preliminary understanding of frequency stabilization technology based on areferenced FP cavity.

Measuring the top angle of a triangular prism by reflection method requires that the telescope,collimator and triangular prism all meet the test requirements.The requirements for spectrometer adjustment aremore comprehensive.The method of coarse adjustment assisted by the reflected image outside the telescope isoften used when the coarse adjustment of the spectrometer is not ideal.Considering that this method is not easy to master, by analyzing the imaging law of the reflected image of telescope in a plane mirror,it is determinedthat the landmark phenomenon of a good coarse adjustment(i.e.reaching the best tolerant position) is that thegreen cross light source observed from outside the telescope and the horizontal diameter on the telescope'sdividing plate is located on the same level.The placement of the prism is an important factor in the observationof the slit reflection image.The best placement of the prism is to place the top angle A to be measured at thecenter of the stage to ensure that the slit image reflected from both the AB and AC optical surfaces can beobserved.

University physics experiment classroom usually uses Michelson interferometer for microdisplacement measurement ,it uses high-sensitivity photodetectors , data acquisition cards, precision electroniccontrol panning tables, computer composition control, photoelectric conversion, data acquisition hardwaresystem, based on LabVIEW software to achieve automatic measurement of micro displacement, with theminimum measurement error of 0.27%%.

SnO, is considered to be one of the most promising SIBs anode materials due to high theoreticalcapacity ,lower potential, environmental-friendly and non-toxic. But its conductivity is not good, and in theprocess of sodiation/desodiation, volume expansion will occur, resulting in the battery capacity and cyclestability and other electrochemical performance degradation. Because of carbon has good conductivity,and caninhibit the volume expansion of material in the process of sodiation/desodiation.Therefore , we prepared Sn0,/Cnanocomposites by one-step synthesis.When as the anodes of sodium-ion batteries( SIBs) , the carbon-coatedSnO, had better electrochemical properties than pure SnO,.

The Doppler effect occurs when there is relative movement between the sound source and thereceiver.At present ,the Doppler effect verification instrument used by many university physics laboratories canonly verify the relationship between the receiving frequency and receiver motion speed when the receiver movesin a straight line with the sound source. and cannot verify the angle between the sound source movement andthe relative motion and the connection between the two.Therefore ,in order to fully verify the Doppler effect,acertain degree of improvement has been made on the basis of the original device , and the new experimentadevice can make up for the shortcomings of the original experimental device.Through the processing andanalysis of the experimental data ,the relative error of the sound velocity is finally calculated to be within 3%which verifies the reliability of the experimental device.

In view of the shortcomings of the existing device for measuring liquid concentration with complexstructure,high cost, inconvenient use, and inconvenient for schools and some small research institutions,adevice for measuring transparent liquid concentration is designed by grating diffraction method.The devicemeasures the refractive index of liquid according to the relationship between the refractive index and the gratingliffraction angle before and after the liquid to be measured ,and the relationship between the refractive index otthe liquid and the concentration of the liquid is explored through experiments.After the refractive index of theunknown transparent liquid is measured ,its concentration can be obtained by conversion.

A simple sound velocity measurement device based on smartphone is designed to take accuratemeasurements of the sound velocity in different propagation media using the standing wave method. In theexperiment ,the FreqCounter APP on the smartphone is used to generate a single frequency acoustic signal.TheDaTuner APP,on the other hand, is used to detect in real-time the frequency and intensity of the acousticwave.By measuring the distance between adjacent antinodes or nodes , the sound velocity can be calculated according to the relationship among the frequency, the sound velocity, and the distance between adjacentantinodes.The sound velocity values obtained from the experiments are in good agreement with the theoreticavalues.

The “research on the volt-ampere characteristics of diodes"is one of the important experiments incollege physics experiments. The volt-ampere characteristic curve of diode is generally measured byvoltammetry.During the experiment,the volt-ampere characteristic curve of diode should be drawn by using themeasured voltage drop across the diode and the measured current flowing through the diode.The quick drawingof the volt-ampere characteristic curve is very important for enhancing the teaching efficiency. Based onJavaScript,we write drawing program which can provide college students with web quick drawing client.Thecollege students can enter the measured data in the drawing client through the mobile browser. And the drawingprogram would give the volt-ampere characteristic curve. The introduction of web quick drawing program in theteaching process of " research on the volt-ampere characteristics of diodes" can significantly improve thelearning efficiency of the college students and the teaching efficiency of the teachers.

The viscosity coefficient is a physical quantity describing the friction force between adjacent flowlayers of a fluid.The viscosity coefficient of a liquid is an important basis for judging the physical properties of aiquid.Therefore , the accurate measurement of the viscosity coefficient of a liquid is of great significanceVumerical simulation based on computer sotware plays an important role in university physics experiments.lcan not only simulate the extreme and harsh experimental environment,but also solve the physical problemswithout analytical solutions.Python, as an object-oriented, simple syntax and highly extensible interpretedscripting language, has the advantages of open source and free , as well as rich and powerful third-partylibraries ,such as Numpy, Matplotlib ,Scipy ,etc.,which is very suitable for scientific calculation and numericalsimulation.Based on Python ,it theoretically studies the dependence of the motion of the ball on the type of fluid(i.e.viscosity coefficient) ,the radius of the ball and the temperature in the experiment of measuring fluidviscosity coefficient by the falling ball method.

Using Matlab software, the Lissajous diagrams of two simple harmonic vibrations with differentfrequencies perpendicular to each other are simulated under four conditions;one cycle process ,the same initiaphase but different initial phase difference , different initial phase but same initial phase difference , and thesame initial phase difference in one cycle.From the simulation diagram,the motion track process of Lissajousdiagram can be seen.The Lissajous diagram is related to the initial phase and initial phase diference of the twosignals,and the initial phase difference changes periodically with time, the synthetic Lissajous map alsoundergoes periodic changes.

The acceleration and velocity sensors of smart phone are introduced into the experiment ofmeasuring the rotational inertia of a rigid body with three-wire pendulum method.lt makes the periodic processof rigid body oscillation more vivid.Through the “ acceleration-time”and “velocity-timeimages automatically drawn by the mobile phone ,the swing period of the rigid body is obtained , and the rotational inertia of the rigidbody is measured.The results show that the measured data by smart phone sensor are reasonable and therelative error is in the allowable range of experiment. The introduction of smart phone in college physicsexperiment can not only enhance students’cognition of new technology and stimulate students’ desire for newknowledge , but also expand students’ thinking and cultivate students’ spirit of innovation.

We design an Android smartphone application software Physics+ which can verify Newton's secondlaw based on the app.This method directly measures the acceleration of the slider movement in traditionalexperiments through mobile phone App and external acceleration sensor,records the complete change processof the acceleration ,and analyzes the experimental error automatically. Compared with the traditional experimentto verify Newton's second law ,this method is simple ,cost-effective ,fast and accurate ,and solves the problemsof low accuracy and large error of the traditional experiment method.The use of Android smart phones inphysical experiment teaching can help students understand Newton’s Second Law more vividly, stimulatestudents’interest in leaing physics, and is expected to become a powerful tool for physical experimentexploration and teaching.

Based on the design of graphics program language of LabVIEW, a platform of virtual simulationexperiment for Fourier progressional dissolution and compostion of periodic signals and the amplitude-frequencycharacteritic of the RLC circuit, and frequency domain analysis is developed.The simulation software has agraphic user interface where different experimental parameters such as various types of electrical signals andelectronic components are provided for users to adjust. The experimental results show that this simulationsoftware not only realize all functions of the actual circuit experiment box ,but also realize frequence response.spectrum analysis and electrical signal decomposition by changing induence.ln the experiment teaching,thesharing of this visual simulation experiment on the network for online teaching,which is useful for the quality ofstudents’pre-class preview improve the teaching quality effectively.

ln order to improve the information literacy and practical ability of college students , based onMathstudio,its application in five modern physics experimental data processing is introduced, and theprocessing results are also compared with those of other data processing software.The results show that:Ccompared with the traditional methods of manual calculation and computer-side software operation, theMathstudio-based method of modern physics experimental data processing provides technical support andconvenience for college students in symbolic operations, data input or output and curve fitting; 2) theMathstudio-based method of modern physics experimental data processing demonstrated enriches thesmartphone in physics experimental, which is important to accelerate the research and practice of teachinginformatization reform and to enhance the deep integration of students information literacy and practica ability.

Under the background of new engineering and information technology, the reform objectives ofelectronic process teaching are formulated in response to the problems of single teaching content, lowefficiency,lack of relevance and lack of independent learning paths in traditional electronic process practiceteaching.The hybrid online and offline teaching model for electronics process training is proposed.Based on thecharacteristics of hybrid teaching, courseware ,micro-videos and exercises are produced,and the teaching of thelaboratory course is developed around three teaching stages: before , during and after class. The applicationexperience of this model proves that it can effectively mobilize students’interest in learning and practicalability of electronic technology, help teachers to grasp the teaching quality in a data way and achieve goodteaching effect,which can provide some reference for related practical teaching.

lt briefly explains the problems in the teaching materials for the future industry , and proposes thatthe teaching materials should be compiled based on the characteristics of the future technology , closelyfollowing the law of industrial development, and government-industry-university-research cooperation.Takingthe textbook of the cutting-edge terahertz technology course as an example, this paper specifically introducesthe experience of textbook construction for the future terahertz industry ,which may provide a reference for theconstruction of teaching materials of related future industries.

Based on the OBE education concept,through the implementation of the “ 12345”reform anddevelopment strategy,that is,through the “ one idea,two models ,three means ,four transformations”and otherreforms and practices of of the teaching system of the college physics experiment, the students’ innovativepractical ability ,teachers’teaching and research level and sense of professional gain , the level of curriculuminformatization,the openness of the center and the exemplary role have finally been realized.The basic practicate aching level of the school has been improved in five steps.ln particular,the problems existing in the currentexperimental teaching has been effectively solved through the teaching mode of virtual and real topology",andhas been also recognized by the majority of teachers and students.

With the improvement of China's international status and the increasing number of internationalstudents in China, completely English teaching has become an important teaching method for cultivatinginternational students in China. Therefore , it puts forward a new topic and challenge. From the two majorchallenges of “experimentand “cultureto carry out problem-solving strategies will provide new ideas andreference for the implementation of college physics experiment English teaching practice.

In order to enable students to learn the electrostatic field description experiment lesson well,itanalyzes and discusses three problems existing in the lecture notes and operation of this experiment; unclearideas on the experimental lecture notes , practical problems on the experimental equipment , lack of guidancemethods on the experimental operation, etc. Based on the classroom teaching and students’ various actualsituations ,it puts forward the elaboration ideas on adjusting the experimental lecture notes,and the selection ofexperimental equipment should be simple and reliable ,teachers should be good at summarizing coping methodsand other improvement methods.I hope it can be used for reference by instrument manufacturers , teachingcolleagues and students.

Focusing on the pain points in the process of college physics teaching reform under the backgroundof new engineering,based on teaching practice and combined with the teaching characteristics of online andoffline mixed teaching,this paper proposes that the SEFDS teaching mode changes the traditional single-trackteaching mode , focuses on the self-construction of students’ knowledge system, and focuses on improvingstudents’ self-learning ability ,innovation ability and application ability.