Micro arc oxidation coloring technology can endow the ceramic coating of Mg-Li alloy with specific hue，absorptivity and emissivity．Based on CIE colorimetric system，lambda950 ultraviolet visible near infrared spectrophotometer is used to measure the reflectance of objects．Then，Matlab software is used to quantify the parameters of object color including its 1931CIE chromaticity coordinates，lightness L* ，chromaticity a* 、b*，color difference ΔE* ，corresponding reflectivity curve and 1931cie chromaticity map．The results show that the color of micro arc oxidation thermal control coating can be described objectively and quantitatively by the principle of chromaticity． By establishing the relationship between hue and thermal control performance，the technology can be used to evaluate the thermal control performance of coatings．

The light intensity distribution of Fresnel circular aperture diffraction is analyzed theoretically，and the experimental equipment of Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffractions are set up． The experimental results show that Fraunhofer diffraction with circular aperture can be regarded as a special case of Fresnel diffraction． In other words，with the increase of the distance between the diffraction object-circular hole and the observation screen，the diffraction pattern transitions from Near-Field to Far-Field diffraction under the premise that the distance between the circular hole of the diffraction object and the observation screen remains unchanged．

We improved the direct-vision-comparison method through revising the calculation formula of the magnification of a Kepler telescope combined with experimental verification． The improved method allows the experimenter to accurately measure the magnification of the self-assembled telescope when the object distance is short，which solved the problem of limited experimental space and limited observation distance of the human eye encountered by students in the experiment．

An experimental scheme for measuring 1iquid viscosity coe佑cient with smartphone magnetic sensor was proposed，so as to solve the problems of the photoelectric gate timing and falling ball method to measure liquid viscosity coemcient，such as calibration of photoelectric gate，must be take out the baU for multiple measurements，and just suitable for traIlsparent liquid．A spring oscillator is used to vibrate damping with time in the measured liquid，and the period of attenuated vibration is measured indirecdy by the phone magnetometer，so as to obtain the Viscosity coecient of the liquid．The resuIts showed that the relatiVe error of the viscosity coemcient of castor oil was 3．2％，which was equivalently to that of the falling ball method under the same experimental conditions．Compared with the fdling ball method，the proposed scheme has the advantages of simple operation and can measure the viscosity coemcient of opaque liquid．

In the experiment of measuring the thermal conductivity by steady-state method，the tested plate cooled in the air is usually put on the cooling plate to measure the heat dissipation rate at the stable temperature．We simulate the natural cooling process of the tested plate，which is placed on the cooling plate at different times． The difference of the internal temperature field affects the thermal conductivity． The linear relationship between the cooling time of the tested plate and the thermal conductivity is studied． Under the condition of constant temperature of the tested plate，the corresponding thermal conductivity coefficients at

different temperatures are given，which indicates that the temperature field distribution in the tested plate significantly affects the measurement of thermal conductivity．The theoretical optimal cooling time and constant temperature value are given under the room temperature of 20 ℃，which can provide reference for experimental research．

The sol-gel method ( Sol-Gel) was used to prepare single crystal ZnO，TiO2 thin films and bilayer ZnO·TiO2 composite films on glass substrates and silicon substrates respectively，using zinc acetate ( Zn ( CH3COO) 2H2O) and tincture of titanium tincture ( Ti( OC4H9 ) 4 ) as zinc source and titanium source．The results showed that the monolayer intrinsic ZnO and TiO2 films grew along ( 02) and ( 101) crystal planes respectively，and the preferred orientation growth was the most obvious when the concentrations of intrinsic ZnO and TiO2 were 0．45 mol /L and 0．65 mol /L respectively．The ( 101) and ( 04) characteristic peaks of ZnO· TiO2 composite films were obvious，and the crystallization quality of double-layer ZnO·TiO2 composite films was the best when 0． 45 mol /L /0． 55 mol /L． The film surface was the flattest，the particles were evenly distributed and the adhesion was the least．The absorption of ultraviolet light was the strongest，and the band gap is 3．39 eV．

The traditional pull-off method to measure the surface tension coefficient of liquid is improved in this work，where a series of metal rings with different cross-sectional areas were designed and employed． The relationship in-between the cross-sectional area of the metal ring and the surface tension coefficient of the liquid was investigated．The experimental results show that the larger the cross-sectional area of the ring is，the larger the measured tension coefficient will be，and the relationship in-between which is approximately linear．

In order to accurately measure and visualize the spatial magnetic field distribution，we designed a visual measurement system of spatial magnetic field based on single chip microcomputer．The system consists of magnetic field data acquisition and storage module，data transmission module and measurement result display module．Firstly，the three-dimensional magnetic induction component of each point in space is measured by Hall magnetic sensor．Then，the data of magnetic induction intensity in a certain area is collected and stored by a single chip microcomputer，and is imported into computer through USB serial port． Finally，the measurement results are displayed by computer，and through data simulation to show the vector distribution of spatial magnetic field intensity，so as to realize the visual measurement and display function of spatial magnetic field．Experimental results show that the accuracy of the magnetic field measurement system is 1 μT，the measuring tange is ± 8 500 μT，and the measurement error is 0． 62%． This visualization measurement system of spatial magnetic field has high precision，wide range，which can visually display the spatial magnetic field distribution，can assist university physics experiments teaching，also can be applied to the measurement of complex and variable magnetic fields．

There are many methods to measure the moment of inertia of objects，such as air cushion turntable method，three wire torsion pendulum and so on．As one of the most traditional measurement methods，the three wire torsion pendulum method has the advantages of accurate measurement results，convenience and rapidity. For the measurement of the moment of inertia of the concentric steel ring with uniform mass distribution and regular geometric dimensions，firstly，the theoretical value of the moment of inertia of the steel ring is obtained throug theoretical analysis，and then the step-by-step equal precision experimental measurement is carried out．In the measurement process，the causes of the error are analyzed and minimized，and the relative error between the integral value and the experimental value is less than 0．5%．It provides a reference for the systematic study

of the moment of inertia of an object under the condition of fixed axis．

It presents the basic principle of holographic experiment on the basis of the holographic technology，and makes the presupposition and comparative experiments on the innuencing factors in the holographic experiment according to the relevant literature．This experiment investigates the effects of the angle between the object light and the refbrence light，the exposure time，the size and color of the object on the holographic images，which is carried out under the condition of extemal vibration interference．The broken line chart is analyzed by using the data obtained from the image de6nition evaluation fhnction，and the conclusion of the illfluence of various factors is obtained by referring to the data of vadous parties．This study can proVide theoretical support for the development of holography technology，and it can also provide reference for improving and perfecting holographic experiment teaching．

Newton ring experiment is a classical experiment about equal thickness interference．The curvature

radius of a plate-convex lens can be measured using the Newton ring method．One important step in this method

is to transform the formula into a measurable form． It is commonly considered that the reason for this

transformation is that one cannot know the center“or”the order．We will show that both the center“and”the

order cannot be measured．Meanwhile，we also prove that the data can be processed with linear fitting method．

Newton ring can be used to measure the curvature radius of plane-convex lens，but there is no uniform regulation on the tangent position of cross wire and dark ring in the process of measuring the diameter of dark ring．After data comparison，it is considered that the calculation results of the data collected when the two cutting are closest to the standard value．

In university physics experiments，measurement the coefficient of thermal conductivity of object is clamped the object in the middle of two copper plates．The upper copper plate is a heating plate，and the lower copper plate is a cooling plate．Each of the copper plates has a hole for measuring temperature．According to the actual height of the measured object，the higher object will also have the upper and lower temperature measurement holes．Due to the experimental operation process involved in clamping the measured object，the dynamic balance of heat transfer between the heating plate and the measured object and the cooling plate，the accuracy of temperature measurement and other operations，mistakes are possible at every step．Some possible problems in the experimental operation are discussed．

Wheatstone bridge and AC bridge experiments are important parts in middle and higher experimental educations．In view of simple principle of the circuits and weak experimental operational ability for students，we adopted modularized circuit and color wire marking methods to greatly give the deep insight into the experimental circuit structures and to improve the efficiency of the building circuits． The method makes students mainly focus on experimental phenomena and experimental law and greatly improve the teaching efficiency．So the method can be extended to other similar or more complex circuit experiments．

The influence of pendulum length and ball size on the motion of a simple pendulum under magnetic damping is investigated by the physical analysis tool Tracker．The materials of self-made device is easy to obtain and the experimental phenomenon is obvious，which expands the experimental content of traditional simple pendulum．

A solar cell is anequipment that converts solar radiation energy directly into electrical energy． It systematically studies the photoelectric conversion characteristic，volt-ampere characteristic，output power and load relationship characteristic of the solar cell．In addition，it measures the maximum output power，optimum load resistance，filling factor and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell． It also provides the experimental scheme of solar cell application and encourages students to participate in the experiment design．This experiment motivates students’enthusiasm，improves their interest in experiments and inspires their innovative thinking． Moreover，this experiment not only enables students to fully understand and master theoretical knowledge andits application，but also realizes the combination oftheory and practice．

A new experiment device for measuring thin film resistance of semiconductor based on four probe method and Cavendish twisting scale has been designed． The semiconductor thin film resistance can be calculated through the measurement of small current ( or voltage) with twisting scale．The process is automated by Labview program．

Based on the college physical experiment of interference pattern observation by Michelsoninterferometer，an experiment to measure the surface profile is proposed． It asks the student to obtain theinterference pattern with proper period by adding the additional optical path difference from adjustment of reference mirror inclination．The CCD or industrial camera is used to capture single frame of the interference pattern．Matlab is used to make the program mainly containing the Fourier transform and filtering algorithm to process the interference pattern to calculate the surface profile．

A variety of simulation tools，such as ZEMAX and Matlab，have been used to assist the teaching of the Michelson interferometer．Matlab is not a special optical simulation software and lacks intuitionism．The main simulation method of ZEMAX is the tracing of geometric light，ignoring the optical effects of diffraction and vector wave．The physical optical simulation software is used to simulate the Michelson interferometer，analyze the fringe characteristics，and study vortex beam interferometry． The effectiveness of VirtualLab Fusion for physical optics teaching aid is verified．

It designs and implements an experimental simulation software for ultrasonic sound speed measurement based on Matlab GUI. The software consists of four interfaces,login,welcome,experimenta content and experimental summary.Among them,the experimental content interface includes four functiona modules:experimental principle,video explanationstanding wave method measurement experiment and phase comparison method measurement experiment,while the measurement experimental interfaces of standing wave method and phase comparison method all consist of five parts: graphical display, parameter setting, data recording,data processing and error analysisThe simulation software has the advantages of complete function low use cost,intuitive image,simple operationuser-friendly interface,flexible and controllable parameter setting,and fast and accurate data processing.It can not only stimulate students’interest and enthusiasm in the experiment,but also help students to deeplyunderstand the experimental principle and enhance the effect of the experiment teaching.

ＲLC Circuit Ｒesonance Experiment is a compulsory experiment for engineering students and physics students of colleges and universities．It also plays a very important role in practical application．Meanwhile，the way basing on LabVIEW virtual instrument platform，combining virtual instrument technology with traditional experiment，is also one of the important developing directions of physical experiment． The ＲLC circuit characteristics were studied with virtual instrument technology，and the virtual instrument test-platform was built to test the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the ＲLC circuit，and the amplitude-frequency characteristic and resonant phenomenon of the ＲLC circuit were studied．The way combining virtual experiment

with traditional experiment enables students to intuitively feel the advancement and convenience of new technology on experiments，it also improves the efficiency of experiments，and creates a new situation for the cultivation of students’thinking way.

Based on 1 stOpt gobal optimization program，a new optimization method of atomic cluster structure is proposed by using embedded program language and dynamic library．The unbiased optimization programming of Lennard—Jones，Gupta and Sutton．Chen molecular clusters with three potential functions and the structure of diatomic alloy molecular clusters with Gupta potential are realized．The results show that：Fbr small size clusters，the method can quickly and accurately，it is easy to realize the best records published in the Cambridge cluster database，which indicates that the method is feasible and reliable to predict the cluster structure．Secondly，the efficiency of this method is signi6cantly lower than that of other professional cluster optimization programs for medium and large size clustells，and some results are precocious，which may be attributed to the Windows platform and the unbiased characteristics of the program．The methods for possible improvement are proposed．

In the experimental process of measuring liquid surface tension coefficient by pull-off method，there are many factors that influence the experimental results． Four factors that have significant influence on the experiment are summarized and analyzed by theoretical analysis，namely，the error of surface tension coefficient caused by temperature measurement deviation; Incorrect k value caused by rust or wear of weight leads to error of surface tension coefficient; The surface tension coefficient error is caused by the change of △U caused by the water on the ring，and the surface tension coefficient error is caused by the measurement error of the inner and outer diameters of the ring．The analysis results show that the surface tension coefficient measured by the experiment will gradually decrease with the increase of temperature，and its measurement error will be

aggravated with the increase of the number of rusty weights，the mass of water droplets attached to the ring and

the measurement error of inner and outer diameters．The research results can play a guiding role in reducing the

measurement error of liquid surface tension coefficient by pull-off method in the experimental teaching process

of college physics teaching．

Linear fitting is a common problem in data processing of college physics experiments．There are two common data processing methods：successive difference method and linear regression method．The uncertainty of the result of the successive difference method and the linear regression method was evaluated bv using the Excel software．When the comparison of the two methods was carried out quantitativelv，the disadvantages of the successive difference method are obvious．So the data should be processed with the linear regression method as far as possible when making accurate measurements．The successive diffrrence method is only suitable for rough estimation of measurement results．

The experimental data of the pull-off method to measure the surface tension coefficient is calculated in detail，and the accuracy of the measurement results is better at room temperature．A single measurement was performed under variable temperature． Due to the low accuracy of the temperature control device of the instrument and the small change of the surface tension coefficient with temperature，the measured value of each temperature point has a certain deviation，but the change trend of the experimental results is basically the same．

According to the actual situation of local and application-oriented undergraduate universities，with the support of modern network education technology，the blended teaching of college physics experiment is carried out，and a diversified evaluation system of college physics experiment emphasizing process evaluation is established．The practical results show that the evaluation system is conducive to the students’mastery of basic knowledge and experimental skills，the training of students’scientific thinking ability and cooperation ability，the promotion of students’learning interest and self-monitoring ability，the promotion of students’appropriate investment，and the improvement of teaching efficiency of college physics experiment.

In college physics and physics experiment course as the research object，for the purpose of course education，adopt innovative teaching methods，combining the Internet information technology，the socialist core values，Xi Jinping，a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics ideas incorporated in the curriculum and teaching activities，organic achieve all-round，whole process，multi-angle comprehensive education．

Physics experiment competition is an effective way to cultivate students’higher-order thinking and innovative ability．It used the lag sequence analysis method to analyze the learning behavior of the participants in the Excellence Cup College Physics Experiment Competition，compared and analyzed the results of the expert review，and constructed a competition-teaching combination learning behavior sequence suitable for innovatively designed physics experiment competitions．The research methods and strategies can help teachers to objectively understand the learning goals and learning behavior characteristics of participating students，thereby improving the pertinence and effectiveness of the guidance for students’innovative practical activities．

In order to improve the physics core literacy of middle school and university students，and solve the problem of the connection between middle school and university physics teaching，the methods of investigation and induction are adopted to analyze the physics experiments between middle school and university and explore the existing connection problems．From the three levels of middle school，university and education management department，it puts forward countermeasures around teaching concept，teaching content and students ’ experimental ability，such as adjusting educational concept，regularizing physics experiment course in middle school，reforming the teaching method of physics experiment in university，and establishing the connecting

system of physical experiment skill cultivation． Expand the experiment content，the middle school physics experiment into the project learning and other modern teaching mode，university based on scientific research laboratory open to basic physics experiment，strengthen the provincial primary and secondary school teachers professional development training project; Create experimental conditions，strengthen the construction of basic laboratories in middle schools，open preparatory experiments in universities，establish online virtual simulation laboratories．We can improve the students’physical experiment ability and scientific literacy through the reform of multi-layer physical experiment，and effectively connect the physical experiment of experimental middle school and university．

Combining with the characteristics and current situation of college physics experiment，and based on PBL learning theory，it puts forward 2W2H teaching method，which is “why to do，what to learn，how to do，how about”，to help students construct learning main line and draw serial learning resources together with the four problems，and to promote students’active learning awareness and independent experimental ability．This method is applied to the teaching of digital oscilloscope experiment in college physics experiment course．Examples are shown to illustrate the idea and specific implementation scheme of this teaching method． The practical results prove the effectiveness of this method．

The present situation of the university physics experiment and some disadvantages existing in the teaching of this course have been analyzed based on the teaching characteristics of this course．The importance of the teaching reform on the university physics experiment is emphasized according to demands of golden course construction． A number of reform suggestions in the experiment content，teaching procedure，and evaluation method on this course are put forward．

Taking the silicon semiconductor solar cell characteristic experiment as an example，it determines the professional and moral education objectives of the experimental project teaching，discusses the embedding and end of the physical experiment teaching and the course ideological and political education，and summarizes the results，existing problems and solutions of the curriculum ideological and political teaching reform in college physics experiment．The work provides a beneficial reference for the ideological and political construction of experimental courses．