The distribution of different hole structure were designed for sample plates , the thermal conductivityof the sample plates were measured by steady-state method,the influence of different hole structure distributionon thermal conductivity were compared and analyzed.The results indicated that:thermal conductivity of sampleplate was lower with the increase of hole area;ln the same condition of hole area,because of the edge effect.thermal conductivity of sample plate was higher with the increase of hole circumference , which reflected thatdifferent material and different distribution of hole structure presented different thermal conductivity.Designingdifferent hole structure for rubber/air sample plates ,measuring and analyzing thermal conductivity of rubber/air sample plates difference from original, which will enrich experimental teaching content and increaseexperimental innovation scheme ,and provide a way for students to deeply understand the thermal conductivity of objects; and which can be used for reference in expanding the content construction of the course andenlightening the innovative design thinking of experiment.