In this paper, a simple Mach-Zehnder interferometric optical path is designed to obtain suitable interference fringes. By demonstrating the interference conditions such as the experimenter contacting the experimental platform, talking near the optical path, walking near the platform and floor vibration, the influence of the above vibration interference on fringe drift is characterized by using light intensity sensor to monitor the fringe changes in real time. The above results will be helpful for students to understand the interference factors of fringe drift in holographic photography directly, and help students avoid the above problems and improve the success rate of holographic photography experiment.