A vertical oseillation model of a single oscillating buoy wave energy converter was established basedon the potential flow theory.The numerical solutions of the motion equations were obtained using the RungeKutta algorithm in MATLAB.By means of numerical integration ,the average electrical power generation of thedevice was studied under different wave frequencies and damper damping coelficients,The results indicate thatunder the action of regular linear small-amplitude waves, the buoy and pendulum undergo small-amplitudeperiodie reeiprocating motions.'The relative motion of buoy and pendulum can drive the damper to performwork , thus realizing energy conversion and output funetions. Additionally, this study found that both wavefrequency and damper damping coefficient significantly affect the electrical power generation of the device.When the wave amplitude is l m and the frequeney ranges from 1.4 s~' to 2.2 s~' ,the average output power ofthe single oscillating buoy wave energy converter varies between 20 W and 300 W, These findings of thissimulation study provide important guidance for the performance optimization and regulation of wave energyconverters.