基于光放大法测量金属线膨胀系数

doi:10.14139/j.cnki.cn22-1228.2022.05.004

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摘要

金属线膨胀系数是研究金属性质常用的物理量，为了使测得的金属线膨胀系数更加准确，本文将光放大原理融合到金属线膨胀系数的测量中，利用光源、光屏、加热装置等自制的实验装置，根据加热前后光路形成的反射角度和光屏移动前后光斑位置的几何关系，通过光斑的移动距离来计算金属微小的形变量，进而得到金属的线膨胀系数。本文主要对金属铜进行研究，得到其线膨胀系数平均值，并与标准值进行对照，相对误差为０．０５％，并将该方法推广到金属铝和钛的线膨胀系数的测量，得到相对误差均在０．９０％以下，说明该方法可用于常见金属的线膨胀系数的测量。

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	周婷倩
	吴心田
	谭　闯
	张耀婷
	刘宵彤
	马舒然
	李晓丹
	张子洋
	于伟威

关键词: 线膨胀系数光放大原理金属

Abstract:

The metal linear expansion coefficient of metal is studied common physical quantities ,to make amore accurate measurement of metal linear expansion coefficient,it lights amplification principle merged intothe field of measuring metal linear expansion coeficient,using self-made experimental devices such as lighisource ,light screen, heating device, etc. According to the geometric relationship between the reflection angleformed by the light path belore and after heating and the spot position before and after the light screen moves.the small shape variable of the metal is calculated through the moving distance of the spot ,and then the linearexpansion coefficient of the metal is obtained. The linear expansion coefficient of metal is obtained bycalculating the tiny shape varable of metal through the moving distance of the light spot.The average value ofthe linear expansion coefficient of copper is studied ,and compared with the standard value ,the relative error is0.05% ,and the method is extended to the measurement of the linear expansion coefficient of aluminum andtitanium,the relative error is less than 0.90% ,indicating that the method can be used for the measurement ofthe linear expansion coefficient of common metals.

Key words: coefficient of linear expansion principle of optical amplification metal

出版日期: 2022-10-25 发布日期: 2022-10-25 整期出版日期: 2022-10-25

ZTFLH:

Ｏ５５１．１

引用本文:

周婷倩, 吴心田, 谭　闯, 张耀婷, 刘宵彤, 马舒然, 李晓丹, 张子洋, 于伟威. 基于光放大法测量金属线膨胀系数 [J]. 大学物理实验, 2022, 35(5): 16-20.
ZHOU Tingqian, WU Xintian, TAN Chuang, ZHANG Yaoting, LIU Xiaotong, MA Shuran, LI Xiaodan, ZHANG Ziyang, YU Weiwei. Measurement of Metal Linear Expansion CoefficientBased on Optical Amplification Method . Physical Experiment of College, 2022, 35(5): 16-20.

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http://dawushiyan.jlict.edu.cn/CN/10.14139/j.cnki.cn22-1228.2022.05.004 或 http://dawushiyan.jlict.edu.cn/CN/Y2022/V35/I5/16

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