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大学物理实验, 2022, 35(1): 110-114     https://doi.org/10.14139/j.cnki.cn22-1228.2022.01.024
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基于Excel的直线拟合问题不确定度评定研究
赵云飞,邱成锋,贾小文,张金凤,范海英
陆军军事交通学院基础部,天津300161
Research on the Uncertainty of Linear Fitting Problem Based on Excel
ZHAO Yunfei,QIU Chengfeng,JIA xiaowen,ZHANG Jinfeng,FAN Haiying
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摘要 

直线拟合是大学物理实验数据处理中的常见问题,常用的数据处理方法有两种:逐差法、最小二乘法,哪种方法最优的争论存在已久。利用Excel这一常用软件,以“拉伸法测金属丝的杨氏模量”这一实验为案例,评定逐差法和最小二乘法处理数据后测量结果的不确定度,对两种方法进行定量比较发现:精确测量时逐差法的劣势非常明显,此时应尽量用最小二乘法处理数据,逐差法只适用于粗略估算测量结果。


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赵云飞
邱成锋
贾小文
张金凤
范海英
关键词:  拟合  逐差法  最小二乘法  Excel  不确定度     
Abstract: 

Linear fitting is a common problem in data processing of college physics experiments.There are two common data processing methods:successive difference method and linear regression method.The uncertainty of the result of the successive difference method and the linear regression method was evaluated bv using the Excel software.When the comparison of the two methods was carried out quantitativelv,the disadvantages of the successive difference method are obvious.So the data should be processed with the linear regression method as far as possible when making accurate measurements.The successive diffrrence method is only suitable for rough estimation of measurement results.

Key words:  linear ftting    successive difference method    linear regression method    Excel    uncertainty
               出版日期:  2022-02-25      发布日期:  2022-02-25      整期出版日期:  2022-02-25
ZTFLH:  O4-39  
引用本文:    
赵云飞, 邱成锋, 贾小文, 张金凤, 范海英. 基于Excel的直线拟合问题不确定度评定研究 [J]. 大学物理实验, 2022, 35(1): 110-114.
ZHAO Yunfei, QIU Chengfeng, JIA xiaowen, ZHANG Jinfeng, FAN Haiying. Research on the Uncertainty of Linear Fitting Problem Based on Excel . Physical Experiment of College, 2022, 35(1): 110-114.
链接本文:  
http://dawushiyan.jlict.edu.cn/CN/10.14139/j.cnki.cn22-1228.2022.01.024  或          http://dawushiyan.jlict.edu.cn/CN/Y2022/V35/I1/110
[1] 张胜海, 杨晓娜. 基于光功率计监视的杨氏模量测量及不确定度分析 [J]. 大学物理实验, 2022, 35(2): 102-105.
[2] 姚星星, 王宙洋. 拉脱法测量液体表面张力系数实验结果分析 [J]. 大学物理实验, 2022, 35(1): 115-118.
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