摘要 光轴方向和主折射率是理解晶体双折射规律的基本参量，传统测量方法存在样品制备要求严、测量仪器成本高及计算过程复杂等问题，不利于推广至常规实验课程。提出了一种基于惠更斯原理与双折射偏振特性测量天然晶体双折射参量的实验方案。通过搭建组合式的实验装置，首先利用折射定律测定寻常光主折射率 n o ，然后根据双折射光的偏振特性或偏移方向确定光轴方向，最终由光束偏移量得到非常光主折射率 n e ，从而实现天然晶体双折射全参量的一体化测量。实验结果表明，该方案测
量精度高、装置稳定性好，有助于学生深入理解晶体双折射规律，具有良好的教学推广价值。
Abstract: The optical axis and principal refractive indices are fundamental parameters for understanding the
birefringence behavior of crystals．Conventional measurement methods often suffer from strict sample preparation
requirements，high instrument costs，and complex calculation processes，which hinder their integration into
laboratory courses． This study presents an experimental approach，based on Huygens ＇ principle and
birefringence polarization，for the comprehensive measurement of all birefringence parameters in natural
crystals．The principal refractive index of the ordinary wave(n)is first determined using the law of refraction．
The optical axis orientation is then identified based on the polarization characteristics or the displacement
direction of the birefringent beams． Finally，the principal refractive index of the extraordinary wave(n)is
derived from the beam displacement．Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method offers high
measurement accuracy and excellent setup stability．It facilitates a deeper understanding of crystal birefringence
among students and holds significant value for teaching and broader dissemination．
