The oplimization of experimental parameers and the eultivation of data analysis skills are erueial inuniversity physies experiments, This study systematieally measured the effects of filament voltage , first gridvoltage ,and rejection voltage on the relationship curve between plate current /, and second grid voltage Vex inthe Franek -Hertz experiment , obtaining 648 sets of experimental data and ploting the /,-Vex characteristiecurve, By combining theories such as thermionie emission, Boltzmann distribution , and electron-atom collisioneross-section ,the underying physical principles of different experimental phenomena were analyzed ,revealingthe relationship between parameter regulation and experimental phenomena,The effeetive range of experimentalparameters for the Franek-Hertz experiment was diseussed, Finally, based on the automatie peak-finding anddifferenee-by-differenee methods in Origin sofware , an ideal value for the first exeitation potential of argonatoms was obitained ,verifying the theory of atomie quantization energy levels,The theoretical analysis provided agood explanation for the experimental results, "This study provides a systematie optimization scheme for theparameters in Franek-Hertz experiment teaching and innovatively eombines theoretieal modeling with sofkwareanalysis ,enhaneing the credibility of experimental results and the value of teaching practice.