At present, when the instant communication network covers the routing nodes, the poor connectivity of the routing nodes in the instant communication network results in the excessive energy consumption of the routing nodes in the network. Therefore, the optimization method of the routing node coverage control in the instant communication network is proposed. This paper analyzes the losses of routing nodes in the process of data transmission, determines the location of routing nodes; evenly divides the network into regions, evenly deploys anchor nodes, calculates the optimal distance between routing nodes, and covers routing nodes in the instant communication network; calculates the coverage and connectivity of routing nodes, determines the coverage area of routing nodes, and optimizes the coverage control of routing nodes. The experimental results show that, under the same parameters, when detecting the number of active nodes and the remaining energy in the network, the optimization method of routing node coverage control in this study, the number of active nodes in the network is large, and the running energy of the nodes in the network is enough to support the operation of the network, and also has the remaining energy.